S C JE 
728 S C A 
the same size with those of the Scabiosa columbaria.—Native 
of Algiers, on hills. 
30. Scabiosa indurata.—Leaves sessile, a span long, 
serrate, the upper ones more sharply, subtomentose but green, 
deeply toothed at the base with from one to three teeth on 
each side. Panicle dichotomous; the first division pedun- 
culiferous; the others floriferous at the top. Peduncles very 
long. It is so nearly allied to Scabiosa Atricana, that it may 
be doubted whether it is not a variety.—Native of Africa. 
31. Scabiosa Africana, or African scabious.—This has a 
weak shrubby stalk, which divides into several branches, and 
rises about five feet high. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, three 
inches long, and an inch and half broad, deeply crenate, of a 
light green, and a little hairy. Peduncle terminating, sus¬ 
taining one pale flesh-coloured flower.—Native of Africa. 
32. Scabiosa Monspeliensis, or Montpellier scabious.—All 
the leaves pinnate ciliate.—Plant a foot and a half high, hir¬ 
sute all over, biennial, flowering from May to July. Pedun¬ 
cles terminating. Leaflets of the common calyx hirsute, 
acute, entire.—Native of France about Montpellier. 
33. Scabiosa pumila, or dwarf scabious.—Almost stem¬ 
less, leaves very hairy, root-leaves lyrate, stem-leaves pin¬ 
nate, gashed. The whole plant is extremely hirsute. It has 
scarcely any stem.—Native of the Cape of Good Hope. 
34. Scabiosa Cretica, or Cretan scabious.—Leaves lanceo¬ 
late, almost entire. This rises with a shrubby stalk three feet 
high, and divides into several woody knotty branches. Leaves 
narrow, silvery, entire, four inches long and a quarter of an 
inch broad. The flowers stand upon very long naked pe¬ 
duncles at the end of the branches, and are of a fine blue 
colour.—Native of Candia and Sicily. 
35. Scabiosa limonifolia.—Leaves wedge-shaped, entire, 
wrinkled and hoary underneath. Root divided above. Stems 
frutescent at the base, erect, simple; flowering-scape among 
the leaves, grooved-angular, almost leafless, a foot high. Pe¬ 
duncles two at bottom from the axils of the leaves of the scape; 
three above, very remote, terminating; the lateral ones 
branched a little.—Native of Sicily. 
36. Scabiosa graminifolia, or grass-leaved scabious.— 
Leaves linear-lanceolate, entire, stem herbaceous. This has a 
perennial root, from which arise three or four stalks, the lower 
parts of which have linear leaves about four inches long, and 
the eighth of an inch broad, of a silvery colour, ending in 
acute points. The upper part of the stalk is naked for six or 
seven inches in length, and sustains at the top one pale-blue 
flower.—Native of the mountains of Dauphine, Carniola, 
Italy, Switzerland, Silesia, and Barbary. 
37. Scabiosa lyrata, or lyrate-leaved scabious.—Stem her¬ 
baceous, erect, a foot high, simple, striated, somewhat hairy. 
Leaves an inch and a half long, smooth above, hairy on the 
veins underneath; the lower ones oblong, undivided, grossly 
and bluntly serrate, ending in a petiole shorter by half than 
the leaf; the upper ones sessile, pinnatifid; segments lan¬ 
ceolate, wider outwards, gash-toothed, the end one very 
large, and oblong. Peduncles terminating, solitary, elon¬ 
gated, leafless, hairy, one-flowered.—Native of the shore of 
the Dardanelles. 
38. Scabiosa Palsestina, or Palestine scabious.—All the 
segments trifid, leaves undivided subserrate, upper pinnatifid 
at the base.—Stem a foot high, round. Leaves broad-lan¬ 
ceolate, cut with a few gashes, and pubescent; the uppermost 
linear-lanceolate, pinnatifid at the lower base. Peduncles 
very long. Flowers white, or lemon-coloured, the length of 
the calyx.—Native of Palestine. 
39. Scabiosa isetensis.—Stems a foot high, ascending, sub¬ 
tomentose. The leaves have stiffish hairs scattered over 
them ; the upper ones simply pinnate. Branches very few, 
often none. Flower white, not shorter than the calyx; 
which is many-leaved and spreading.—Native of Siberia, on 
rocks. 
40. Scabiosa Ucranica, or Ukraine scabious.—Root-leaves 
pinnatifid, stem-leaves linear-lanceolate at the base.—Native 
of the Ukraine. 
41. Scabiosa ochroleuca, or pale scabious.—Root peren¬ 
nial, whitish brown, the thickness of a finger and woody. 
Stem round, equal, pubescent, pale green, frequently tinged 
with purple at the base and at the axils of the leaves. It is 
from a foot to three feet in height, and erect. The primary 
division is dichotomous; the other divisions are by elongated 
peduncles. Root-leaves in plants of the first year, and 
lower stem-leaves obversely lanceolate, sometimes pinnatifid, 
attenuated into a very long petiole, subtomentose or 
smoothish on both sides. As the plants advance the leaves 
are more cut, and become pinnatifid or sub-bipinnatifid, and 
more smooth. It is a biennial plant.—Native of Germany. 
42. Scabiosa papposa, or downy-headed scabious.—Stem 
herbaceous erect, leaves pinnatifid, seeds awned and feather- 
downed. Root annual. Stem filiform, brachiate, with a 
sub-dichotomous panicle. Peduncles and calyxes tomentose. 
—Native of the island of Crete or Candia. 
43. Scabiosa pterocephala, or wing-headed scabious.— 
Stem procumbent shrubby, leaves laciniate hirsute, down- 
feathered.—Supposed to be a native of Greece. 
Propagation and Culture. —’There is nothing particular 
in the propagation of this genus. The annuals and bieunials 
are, of course, obtained by sowing the seeds; perennials by 
parting the roots, and the shrubby plants by slips or cuttings. 
SCAB'IOUS, adj. Scabby. 
SCAB'IOUS, s. A flower. See Scabiosa. 
SCABRED'ITY, adj. Roughness of surface. Unused. 
SCABRITA, so named by Linnaeus, from scaber, rough, 
because of the remarkable roughness of the leaves. See 
Nyctanthes. 
SCAB'ROUS, adj. Rough on the surface. It has been 
also applied to roughness or harshness of style.—Lucretius 
is scabrous and bright in these; he seeks them as some do 
Chaucerisms with us, which were better expunged. Ben 
Jonson. 
SCABR'OUSNESS, s. Roughness. 
SCAB'WORT, s. A plant. Ainsworth. 
SCAD. See Scomber Trachurus. 
SCiENANTH, or Schjenanth, in the Materia Medica, 
the dried stalk of a plant brought to us from Arabia. 
This plant is called, by the generality of botanists, juncus 
odoratus, and aromaticus; but Linnaeus gives it the name 
of ischcemum, under which head its botanical characters 
are described. 
SCAER, a small town in the west of France, in Britanny, 
department of Finisterre, containing, with its parish, 4100 
inhabitants; 12 miles north-west of Quimperl. 
SCiEVOLA, in Botany, a genus of the class pentandria, 
order monogynia, natural order of campanulaceae (Juss.) 
—Generic Character. Calyx: perianth superior, very short, 
five-cleft, permanent. Corolla: one-petalled, unequal. Tube 
long, with a longitudinal fissure. Border five-cleft, ascend¬ 
ing : segments directed one way, lanceolate, membranaceous 
at the edge. Stamina: filaments five, short, capillary, in¬ 
serted into the receptacle. Anthers distinct, erect, oblong, 
obtuse. Pistil: germ inferior, ovate. Style filiform, thicker 
above, longer than the stamens, issuing from the fissure, 
curved in towards the border. Stigma flatted, obtuse, with 
the mouth open. Pericarp: drupe roundish, umbilicate with 
a dot, one-celled. Seed: nut ovate, wrinkled, acute, two- 
celled.—It differs from the lobelias in fruit, in having no 
milkiness, &c. according to Jacquin.— Essential Character. 
Corolla one-petalled, with the tube cloven longitudinally, 
the border five-cleft and lateral. Drupe inferior, containing 
one two-celled nut. 
1. Scsevola lobelia.—Leaves obovate, smooth, quite entire. 
Stem suffrutescent, two feet high, almost single, thick, round, 
smooth. Leaves petioled, scattered, oblong, entire, fleshy, 
veinless, very smooth. Racemes axillary, dichotomous, ter¬ 
minating, Pedicels one-flowered. Under the flowers, or in 
the forkings of the racemes, are little, opposite, awl-shaped 
bractes, villose beneath. 
2. Scsevola Koenigii.—Branches round, smooth, warted, 
the thickness of a goose-quill. Leaves alternate, by pairs 
remote, subsessile, three inches long, very smooth, even and 
almost 
