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it signifies no more than certain zoccoes, or blocks, serving 
to raise the rest of the members of an order, column, statue, 
or the like, and to prevent their being lost to the eye, which 
may chance to be placed below the level, or below the pro- 
jecture of some of the ornaments of them. 
The scamilla are well enough represented by the pedestals 
of statues. 
SCAMINO, a small town of European Turkey, in Livadia, 
south of Negroponte. Its population, 1200, is almost all 
Greek. 
SCAMMA [S/ra/*/*®], among the Greeks, the mark in 
leaping, or throwing quoits; so called from its being made 
by digging up the earth. 
SCAMMATHA, or Shematta, in the Jewish Customs, a 
kind of excommunication, and the most terrible of all in 
use among that people. Some pretend that this was pro¬ 
claimed by the sound of four hundred trumpets, and that 
a person so excommunicated, was never to be received again 
into the congregation, and that it was even lawful to put him 
to death. 
SCAMMONDEN, a township of England, West Riding 
of Yorkshire; 7 miles west of Huddersfield. Population 
472. 
SCAMMONIA MONSPELIACA, Montpelier scammony, 
a name given by some botanical writers to a species of peri- 
ploca, distinguished by Mr. Tournefort by the name of peri- 
ploca Monspeliaca foliis rotundioribus. This, in the Lin- 
naean system, is a species of Cynanchum ; which see. 
SCAMMON'IATE, adj. Made with scammony.—It may 
be excited by a local scammoniate, or other acrimonious 
medicines. Wiseman. 
SCAMMONY, Sc ammonium, in Pharmacy, an inspis¬ 
sated, gummy, resinous juice, of the root of a plant of the 
same name, growing in Syria, particularly on the moun¬ 
tains between Aleppo and Latachia, and which, being hardy, 
will thrive in the open air in England on any soil. It is a 
species of bindweed. See Convolvulus. 
SCAMNUM HIPPOCRAT1S, in Surgery, an ancient 
machine for reducing fractures and dislocations. 
SCAMOZZI (Vincenzo), a celebrated architect, was born 
at Vicenza in 1550. He was educated under his father, 
Gian-Domenico, an able artist in the same branch, and at the 
age of seventeen made designs for buildings that were very 
highly esteemed. He went to Venice for improvement, where 
Palladio and others were then employed about works of mag¬ 
nitude and consideration, and he made very rapid advances 
in his profession. At the age of twenty-two he composed a 
treatise in six books, “ De Teatri e delle Scene,” which has 
never been published. In a visit to Rome he was engaged 
in the diligent study of the remains of antiquity to be found 
in that city, and in the study of mathematics under the cele¬ 
brated Clavio. After extending his tour to Naples, he 
returned in 1583 to his native city, and settled at Venice, 
where, Palladio being dead, he became the first architect, 
and was employed in various public and private works, of 
which one of the most remarkable was the additions to the 
library of St. Mark. He was sent for to Vicenza to finish 
the famous Olympic theatre, by which he gained credit. In 
1588, duke Vespasian Gonzaga engaged him in the con¬ 
struction of a new theatre at his town of Sabbioneta. After 
this he visited many of the chief places on the continent; and 
decorated several other cities in Italy, besides Venice and 
Vicenza, and few artists seem to have enjoyed a more exten¬ 
sive reputation. In 1615 he published a work entitled 
“ L’ldea dell’ Architettura universale,” in six books, which 
contains many usefel observations and instructions. The 
sixth book, which contains the five orders of architecture, 
is most esteemed, and has been translated into the French 
language. Scamozzi died in 1616. Besides the writings 
above-mentioned, he published a work of descriptions, of 
which three chapters contained the buildings and topography 
of Rome. 
To SCAMP'ER, v. n. [schamper , Dutch ; scampere, 
Ital.] To fly with speed and trepidation.—A fox seiz’d 
S C A 735 
upon the fawn, and fairly scamper'd away with her. 
Li Estrange. 
SCAMPSTON, a hamlet of England, East Riding of 
Yorkshire; 6 miles north-east of New Malton. 
SCAMPTON, a parish of England, in Lincolnshire; 6 
miles north-west of Lincoln. 
To SCAN, v. a. [scando , Lat.] To examine a verse by 
counting the feet. 
Harry, whose tuneful and well-measur’d song. 
First taught our English musick How to span 
Words with just note and accent, not to scan 
With Midas’ ears, committing short and long. Milton. 
To examine nicely. 
So he goes to heav’n. 
And so am I reveng’d; that would be scalin'd. Shakspeare. 
SCANDA, a village of Imiretta, in the Caucasus; 40 
miles east of Cotatis. 
SCAND'AL, s. [scandlc, Fr.] Offence given by the 
faults of others. 
His lustful orgies he enlarg’d, 
Even to the hill of Scandal, by the grove 
Of Milech homicide. Milton. 
Reproachful aspersion; opprobrious censure. 
To SCAND'AL, v. a. To scandalize. The word is now 
seldom used. 
If I do fawn on men, and hug them hard. 
And after scandal them. Shakspeare. 
SCANDAL, Stone of, Lapsis scandali, or vituperii, a 
stone raised in the great portal of the Capitol in Rome, 
whereon was engraven the figure of a lion, upon which bank¬ 
rupts or cessionaries being seated bare-breeched, cried with a 
loud voice, cedo bonis, I surrender my effects; when, squat¬ 
ting their breech violently three times on the stone, they were 
acquitted. 
It was called the stone of scandal, because thenceforward 
the cessionary became intestable, and incapable of giving any 
evidence. 
Julius Caesar introduced this form of surrender, after 
abrogating that article of the laws of the Twelve Tables, 
which allowed creditors to cut their insolvent debtors in 
pieces, and take each his member, or at least to make a slave 
of him. 
To SCAN'DALIZE, v. a. To defame; to disgrace by 
ill reports. 
Thou dost appear to scandalize 
The publick right and common cause of kings. Daniel. 
To offend by some criminal action.—Whoever considers 
the injustice of some ministers, will not be scandalized at 
the warmth and vivacity of those meetings. Clarendon. 
SCAN'DALOUS, adj. Giving public offence; oppro- 
bious; disgraceful. 
Something savouring 
Of tyranny, which will ignoble make you, 
Yea, scandalous to the world. Shakspeare. 
You know the scandalous meanness of that proceeding. 
Pope. 
SCAN'DALOUSLY, adv. Shamefully. 
SCAN'DALOUSNESS, s. The quality of giving public 
offence. Pare/p used. 
SCANDALTJM MAGNATUM, in Law, denotes a scandal 
or wrong done to any high personage of the land, as peers, 
prelates, judges, or other great officers, by false or slander¬ 
ous news or tales, whereby any debate or discord between 
them and the commons, or any scandal to their persons might 
arise. 
This offence has also given name to a writ granted to 
recover damages thereupon. 
SCANDARETTA, or Scanderoon, a village of Syria, 
only six miles from Tyre, founded by Alexander, when he 
'• laid 
