74 6 SCARABiEUS. 
ones disposed in a triangle; the shells, with a distinct spot at 
the base, a broad indented band in the middle, and blotch at 
the tip, all black; the knob of the antennae is ferruginous. 
43. Scarabaeus rhinoceros.—'The thorax of this species is 
refuse; the horn of the head is simple; the shield is bifid; 
shells punctuate.—It inhabits Asia. The body is pitchy, 
beneath it is hairy; the thorax of the female is excavate. 
44. Scarabaeus Barbarossa.—Thorax rough on the fore¬ 
part ; the horn of the head is recurved, short.—This is found 
in New Holland. The shield is elongated, sub-emarginate; 
the horn is subulate, as long as the head; the thorax is 
rounded ; the shells are pitchy, punctured, and striate; the 
fore-shanks are four-toothed. 
45. Scarabaeus satyrus.—Thorax truncate before; the horn 
of the head is recurved, as long as the head.—It inhabits 
America. In this the shield is widely emarginate; the horns 
three times as long as the shield; the shells are striate; the 
body beneath is ferruginous, hairy; the shanks are toothed. 
46. Scarabaeus Jamaicensis.—This, as its name imports, 
is a Jamaica insect; the thorax is refuse before; the horn of 
the head is recurved; the shells are very smooth. 
47. Scarabaeus silenus.—The thorax of this is excavate 
before; the horn of the head recurved; the shells are smooth. 
—It inhabits southern Europe. 
48. Scarabaeus apelles.—Horn of the head very short; 
shells cinereous, with black raised dots; it has no fore tarsi. 
•—It inhabits the Cape of Good Hope. The body of this in¬ 
sect is small; the shield rounded, entire, with raised sutures; 
the thorax is unequal, grey-brown, the margin and two spots 
yellow; the shells are of a grey-brown, striate, with raised 
lines; the legs are yellow, spotted with black. 
49. Scarabaeus hylax.—Horn of the head emarginate; 
hind-shanks very short, spinous at the tip.—This is found in 
many parts of Africa. 
50. Scarabaeus coronatus.—Shield of the head emarginate 
behind.—It inhabits Java. The shield is raised on each side; 
the thorax is punctured; the shells are smooth; the hind- 
thighs short, thick, and the body pitchy. 
51. Scarabaeus Dionysius.—Thorax excavate; horn of the 
head recurved, depressed, thicker at the tip.—It inhabits 
Tranquebar. 
52. Scarabaeus Melibaeus.—Thorax uneven before; horn 
of the head very short and truncate; the shells striate.—This 
is found in North America. The antennae are thick, pitchy; 
the head, thorax, and legs black; the shells are marked with 
crenate stripes; they are dull and pitchy. 
53. Scarabaeus Didymus.—Depressed; thorax with a 
groove; head three-spined; shells striate.—It inhabits Ame¬ 
rica. The female has a small elevated spine on the thorax. 
54. Scarabaeus guttulatus.—The thorax of this is punc¬ 
tured; the shield is entire, with two elevated obtuse horns. 
—It is found in Italy. The shield is rounded, with a trans¬ 
verse carinate litle in the middle; the thorax is rounded, 
black, polished; shells punctured, striate, black; the body 
is black. 
55. Scarabaeus subterraneus.—Head with three tubercles; 
shells with crenate stripes.—It is found in several parts of 
Europe. It resembles the Scarabaeus fossor, shortly to be 
mentioned, but is not more than half its size. 
56. Scarabaeus sorex.—Head with three tubercles, the 
middle one slightly horned; the shells are striate, grey, 
edged with black.—It inhabits China and the East Indies, 
and is the size of the next. The shield is reflected, emargi¬ 
nate, black, immaculate. 
57. Scarabaeus fossor.—Thorax refuse; head with three 
tubercles, the middle one is slightly horned.—This is found 
in our own country. 
58. Scarabaeus scrutator.—Head with three tubercles; the 
shells and abdomen rufous. The shield is rounded; thorax 
punctured, black, polished, with a broad rufous margin; 
shells striate, with a raised dot at the tip and at the base; 
the legs are black. 
59. Scarabaeus analis.—Head with three equal tubercles; 
black; shells ferruginous at the ends.—It is an Indian insect, 
and is the size of the Scarabaeus fossor. 
60. Scarabaeus terrestris.—Head with three equal tuber¬ 
cles; shells striate.—This is an English insect. It is not 
more than half the size of the Scarabaeus fossor; the tubercles 
of the head are short and obtuse. 
61. Scarabaeus obscurior.—Dull black; head with three 
obsolete tubercles; the shells striate.—It inhabits Germany. 
It is the size of the terrestris. 
62. Scarabaeus ater.—Head with three tubercles, the mid¬ 
dle one slightly horned; shells striate, very smooth.—In¬ 
habits Keil. The shield is rounded, slightly emarginate; 
thorax sub-punctured, black, polished; shells black, po¬ 
lished, and striate, but not crenate; the body is black, and 
the legs are pitchy. The thorax is sometimes marked with a 
small, lateral, rufous spot. 
63. Scarabaeus conflagrans.—Head with three tubercles; 
shield and scutel polished black.—It is found in divers parts 
of Germany, as well as in this country. The shells are 
grooved, with hollow dots. 
64. Scarabaeus testaceus.—Testaceous; its head has two 
tubercles; the shells are punctured and striate.—This like¬ 
wise, as well as the two following, are inhabitants of Eng¬ 
land. The thorax is punctured; the body hairy. 
65. Scarabaeus fimetarius.—Black; head tuberculate; 
shells red. It feeds on cow-dung. 
66. Scarabaeus conflagratus.—The thorax of this insect is 
immaculate; the shells are striate, testaceous, with a black 
spot. This is described in Donavan’s English Insects. The 
scutel and body are black; the legs are pitchy. 
67. Scarabaeus inquinatus..—The head has three tubercles; 
the shells' are grey, spotted with brown.—It inhabits Saxony. 
The head is black; thorax smooth, black, polished, with a 
pale rufous edge; the shells are striate and polished. 
68. Scarabaeus suturalis.—This is of a blackish hue; the 
head has three tubercles; the shells are testaceous, with a 
deep black suture: hence its specific name.—It is found in 
the West Indian islands, and is a small insect. The thorax 
is black, with a testaceous edge, and small black dots; the 
shells are striate; body dusky; legs yellowish. 
69. Scarabaeus sordidus.—Head tuberculate; thorax black, 
with a pale edge and black dot; the shells are grey.—This 
and the next are natives of England. The shield is entire, 
black, with a pale spot on each side; the thorax is smooth; 
the shells are striate ; the suture more dusky; the body be¬ 
neath variegated with black and grey; the legs are pale. 
70. Scarabaeus luridus.—Head tuberculate; body black; 
shells grey, striate with black. Head and thorax black, 
polished; shells with black lines and spots, sometimes en¬ 
tirely black. 
71. Scarabaeus granarius.—Black; the shield is marked 
with a single tubercle; the shells are testaceous behind.— 
This is an European insect, and is of the size of a grain of 
wheat. 
72. Scarabaeus sordens.—Black; head tuberculate; the 
middle prominent; the shells are dull testaceous; the suture 
and edges of a dull brown. 
73. Scarabaeus nebulosus.—Brown; thorax smooth, the 
outer margins livid; the head obscurely tuberculate; shells 
striate, clouded with brown; the legs are testaceous.—It is 
found in different European countries. 
74. Scarabaeus suturatus.'—Black, polished; head with a 
single minute tubercle; shells of a dirty yellow colour, striate, 
punctured; outer edge at the base of the scutel and suture 
black.—It is found chiefly at and in the neighbourhood of 
Saltsburg, on horse-dung. 
75. Scarabaeus Marianus.—Head tuberculate; shells smooth, 
glaucous, dotted with brown.—It inhabits America, and is 
thought to be the female of Scarabaeus Hercules; abdomen 
and thighs ferruginous. 
76. Scarabaeus bonasus.—Thorax with a double promi¬ 
nence; the head is three-horned, the lateral ones arched. 
—This is an Indian insect. The thorax is brassy; the shells 
dusky, and the body black. 
77. Scarabaeus Sagittarius.—Thorax mucronate before; 
head with a single erect horn.—It is found at the Cape of 
Good Hope. The shield is rounded, entire, black: the horn 
is 
