747 
SCARABAEUS 
is as long as the head; the thorax is black, with a pale edge; 
shells striate-grey ; fore-legs black, with a golden spot at the 
base; the others are variegated. 
78. Scarabaeus Carolinus.—Thorax retuse, with two knobs; 
horn of the head erect, and very short; the shield is entire; 
the shells are grooved.—It is a native of Carolina. It is black, 
obtuse, gibbous, and half an inch thick. 
79. Scarabaeus sphinx.—Thorax with four impressed points; 
head slightly horned; it has no fore tarsi..—It inhabits Ame¬ 
rica, and is found in the southern parts of Europe. 
80. Scarabaeus taurus.—.Hind-head with two reclined 
arched horns.—It inhabits France and Germany. 
81. Scarabaeus capra.—Hind-head with two subarched 
horns; the body is black and opaque.—It is a native of Sax¬ 
ony* and is thought to be a variety of the taurus. 
82. Scarabaeus ibex.—Head with two very short horns; 
the body is black, slightly spotted with yellow.—It inhabits 
India. The shield is rounded and entire; the horns are sub¬ 
compressed; the antennae are testaceous; thorax rounded 
behind; the shells are striate; the body beneath is black, 
and the thighs yellow. 
83. Scarabaeus aloes.—The thorax is doubly retuse; the 
shield of the head is slightly two-horned, with a raised 
transverse line; the body is smooth and black.—It inhabits 
Hungary, and is the size of the Scarabaeus taurus. The shield 
is rounded and entire; the thorax is rounded, with two obso¬ 
lete small teeth. 
84. Scarabaeus gazella.—The thorax of this insect is 
brassy; the hind-head has two arched horns; the shells are 
testaceous.—It inhabits Guinea, and is of the same size as 
the last. 
85. Scarabaeus carnifex. —Thorax angular and rough; the 
horn of the head is inflected; the body is brassy.—It inhabits 
America. Like the dung-beetle, it forms round balls of ex¬ 
crement to deposit eggs in. 
86. Scarabaeus Hispanus.—The shield of this insect is 
horned, emarginate; shells striate; second pair of thighs 
very remote.—It inhabits southern Europe. 
87. Scarabaeus spinifex.—Thorax rounded; the hind-head 
with a recurved spine.—It inhabits Coromandel. The shield 
is rounded and entire; the spine is as long as the thorax; the 
thorax is smooth, black; the shells are striate and black, 
with a green gloss. 
88. Scarabaeus nuchicomis.—Thorax rounded; hind-head 
with an erect spine; shield emarginate. This is described 
among Mr. Donovan’s Insects. 
89. Scarabaeus Xiphias.—The thorax is slightly pointed 
before; hind head with an erect spine; the shield is entire. 
—It inhabits Saxony, and is a less insect than the last. 
90. Scarabaeus nutans.—Thorax impressed before; the 
hind-head has an erect spine, nodding at the tip; the body 
is black. The shield is rounded and entire. 
91. Scarabaeus iEneus.—Thorax brassy; horn of the head 
erect, truncate.—It inhabits Tranquebar. The female has 
two tubercles on the thorax. 
92. Scarabaeus recticornis.—Black; head with two erect 
horns; shield rounded.—It is found in various parts of Eu¬ 
rope. 
93. Scarabaeus verticornis.—Thorax grey, dotted with 
black; the horn of the head is erect, and very short.—It is 
an English insect, and is less than the nuchicomis. The 
thorax is round; the shells are smooth, and the legs are 
pale. 
94. Scarabaeus sulcator.—This insect is black; the head 
has a single tubercle; the shells are striate. 
95. Scarabseus cristatus.—Black; thorax crenate; shield 
tuberculate, four-toothed.—It is found in Egypt. The tho¬ 
rax is rounded, crenate at the edges; the shells are smooth; 
the legs hairy. 
96. Scarabaeus stercorarius, or clock-beetle.—The body is 
black and smooth; the elytra furrowed; the head is of a 
rhomboidal figure; the forehead is prominent.—It is a na¬ 
tive of many parts of Europe, as well as of England, and is 
to be met with in dung. It is much infested with some spe¬ 
cies of the acarusaud ichneumon, and hence it has frequently 
been named the lousy beetle. It flies about in the evening 
with a loud noise, and is said to foretell a fine day. It was 
held in the utmost reverence by the Egyptians, and conse¬ 
crated by them to the sun. It is sometimes of a greenish- 
blue colour, and sometimes yellowish below, with dusky 
red elytra. This is the shard-borne beetle of Shakspeare. 
The female digs a hole, and kneads a lump of fresh dung, 
of a cylindrical shape, on which she deposits one egg, and 
then covers it with more dung, attaching it to the root of 
some grass. In a few days the larva breaks the egg, and feeds 
on the fresh dung. During the autumn it changes its skin 
four times. 
97. Scarabseus vernalis.—- Shells without streaks or punc¬ 
tures ; shield rhombic; crown a little prominent —It inha¬ 
bits other parts of Europe, besides this country. It smells of 
musk, and, like the last, has an oval-ferruginous downy spot 
at the base of the fore-thighs. 
98. Scarabaeus cordalis.—Black; thorax heart-shaped be¬ 
fore, impressed, mucronate; head with two tubercles.—It 
inhabits Guadaloupe, and is larger than the stercorarius. 
99. Scarabaeus talpa.—Thorax mucronate before; shield 
with an elevated transverse line, the tip reflected, emarginate. 
—Inhabits St. Bartholomew’s Island. 
100. Scarabaeus splendidus.—Shining green ; shells striate. 
—It inhabits America. The shield is emarginate; thorax 
rounded with a lateral impressed point each side; shells with 
crenate stripes; thighs toothed. 
101. Scarabaeus globator.—Thorax and shells dusky black, 
punctured.—It inhabits the Cape of Good Hope. Beneath it 
is hairy. 
102. Scarabaeus rufipes.—Black; thorax glabrous, po¬ 
lished ; shells striate; legs rufous.—It inhabits divers parts 
of Europe, but is not found in this country. 
103. Scarabaeus gagates.—.This is black; thorax slightly 
punctured; shells striate; legs black. 
104. *Scarabaeus quadri-maculatus.—Oblong, black; the 
spots on the outer corners of the shells and legs red. This is 
described in Donovan’s English Insects. Thorax glabrous, 
polished, dull rufous or black; shells obscurely striate; legs 
often black. 
105. Scarabaeus sus.—Oblong; dull rufous; shells testa¬ 
ceous, spotted with black.—It is found in several parts of 
Germany. The body is polished ; shells with minute dots. 
106. Scarabaeus elevatus.—Gibbous, black; shells striate 
and punctured; the shield emarginate.—It inhabits Pro¬ 
vence. 
107. Scarabaeus nigellus.—Black; shells striate, the edge 
and band on the hind-part ferruginous.—It inhabits Kamts- 
chatka. 
108. Scarabaeus testudinarius.—Black; shells pitch, groov¬ 
ed, with ferruginous dots..—This is an English insect, and 
has been described by Mr. Donovan. The shield is rounded, 
emarginate; thorax rough, black; dots on the shells disposed 
in pairs; the legs are pitchy. 
109. Scarabaeus depressus.—Black, polished; shells striate, 
rufous; legs black.—It is a native of Germany. 
110. Scarabaeus arcuatus.—Black, polished; shield rufous 
before; shells punctured, striate; the suture, marginal dot 
at the base, and abbreviated band, inflected towards the su¬ 
ture, reddish.—This is found at and near Saltzburg. 
111. Scarabseus porcatus.—Brown: shells with longitu¬ 
dinal raised lines..—This is a native of Saxony. It is a small 
insect, of a dull brown colour; the shells are deeply grooved, 
and the grooves are transversely striate. 
112. Scarabaeus interpunctatus.—Black; shells dirty yel¬ 
low, with black grooves; the intermediate space varied with 
alternate, black, oblong spots.—This and the two next are 
found chiefly at and near Berlin, among cow-dung. 
113. Scarabaeus Varius.—Black; shells half yellow: pro¬ 
bably a variety of the last. 
114. Scarabaeus minutus.—Black, striate; shells and legs 
tawny. 
115. Scarabaeus sacer.—The shield of the head marked 
with six denticulations; the thorax notched; the shanks of 
the hind-legs fringed; top of the head marked with two 
slight 
