SCARBOROUGH. 753 
flying. We generally understand, by this word, a reptile; 
but it certainly means no other than that sort of beetle which 
we call the cockchaffer, or dor; a flying insect, very remark¬ 
able for the humming noise it makes with its wings when in 
motion, and which, when it is found in swarms sitting ppon 
the hedges, makes a continual noise in eating, like the sawing 
of wood. This creature deserves very well to be placed with 
the locust, as a destroyer of the fruits of the earth. 
SCARABiEUS, in Conchology. See Concho logy. 
SCARABiEUS, in Ichthyology, a name giveu by Gaza 
to that species of sparus, which is called by others the 
cantharus. 
SCARABINE, a mountain of Scotland, in Caithness- 
shire. 
SCA'RAMOUCH, s. [scnranmcchia, Ital., escarmouche, 
Fr.] A buffoon in motley dress.—We see the daily examples 
of them in the Italian farces of harlequin and scaramucha. 
Dry den. 
SCARANOS, a cape on the south coast of Sicily. Lat. 
36. 33. N. long. 14. 24. E. 
SCARAWAY, one of the smaller Hebrides. Lat. 57. 39. 
N. long. 7. 1. W. 
SCARBA, a small island of the Hebrides, separated from 
the north end of Jura by a narrow sound, it is a rocky 
mountainous island, of a circular form, and a wild savage 
aspect, about three miles in diameter, containing about 50 
inhabitants. Between those two islands is a dangerous 
whirlpool called Cor-y-bhrechan, from the name of a 
Danish prince who perished in that place. Soon after flood 
tide has entered the sound, the sea at this place is violently 
agitated. It boils, foams, and passes away in successive 
whirls. The commotion increases till near the fourth hour of 
flood, when it is most impetuous. The waves are tossed 
up with a great noise that may be heard at twelve miles 
distance. But, from the middle of the fifth, till the sixth 
hour of flood, and in neap-tides from the fourth to the sixth 
hour, the commotion gradually abates, until at length it 
totally subsides; and, at the approach of the lowest ebb, the 
same tranquillity is restored as takes place at high water. 
Lat. 56. 11. N. long. 5. 40. W. 
SCARBOROUGH (Sir Charles), an eminent physician 
and mathematician, was born about the year 1616. After 
the usual classical education, he was admitted of Caius 
College, Cambridge, in 1632, and took his first degree in 
arts in 1636. He was then elected to a fellowship, and, 
commencing A. M. in 1639, he took pupils. In the mean 
time, intending to pursue medicine as his profession, he 
applied himself to all the preparatory studies necessary for 
that art. Mathematics constituted one of these studies: and 
the prosecution of this science having obtained him the 
acquaintance of Mr. (afterwards bishop) Seth Ward, then 
of Emanuel College, they mutually assisted each other in 
their researches. Having met with some difficulties in Mr. 
Oughtred’s “ Clavis Mathematical’ which appeared to them 
insuperable, they made a joint visit to the author, then at his 
living of Aldbury, in Surrey. Mr. Oughtred treated them with 
great politeness, being much gratified to see these ingenious 
young men apply so zealously to these studies, and in a 
short time fully resolved all their questions. They returned 
to Cambridge complete masters of that excellent treatise, 
and were the first that read lectures upon it there. In the 
ensuing civil wars, Mr. Scarborough became likewise a joint 
sufferer with his fellow-student for the royal cause, being 
ejected from his fellowship at Caius. Upon this reverse of 
fortune, he withdrew to Oxford, and entering himself at 
Merton College, was incorporated A. M. of that university, 
23d of June, 1646. The celebrated Dr. Harvey was then 
warden of that college, and being employed in writing his 
treatise “ De Generatione Animalium,” gladly accepted the 
assistance of Mr. Scarborough. The latter also became 
acquainted with Sir Christopher Wren, then a gentleman 
commoner of Wadham College, and engaged him to trans¬ 
late “ Oughtred’s Geometrical Dialling” into Latin, which 
was printed in 1649. 
Upon leaving Oxford, and taking the degree of doctor of 
Vol. XXII. No. 1538. 
physic, Dr. Scarborough settled in the metropolis, where he 
practised his profession with great reputation. In the Col¬ 
lege of Physicians, of which he was a fellow, he was par¬ 
ticularly respected as a man of uncommon talents; and, 
in 1658, by the special appointment of the president, he 
introduced, with an elegant Latin speech, the Marquis of 
Dorchester for his admission into the college that year. In 
the mean time. Dr. Scarborough began to read his highly 
celebrated anatomical lectures at Surgeons’ Hall, which he 
continued for sixteen or seventeen years, and was the first 
who introduced geometrical and mechanical reasonings upon 
the muscles. 
Such extraordinary merit did not escape the notice of 
king Charles II., who conferred on him the honour of 
knighthood in 1669, and at the same time appointed him 
his principal physician. He was nominated to the same 
honourable office by his majesty’s brother, which he held 
both before and after his accession to the throne; and he 
also served king William in the same capacity. He was 
likewise appointed physician to the Tower of London, and 
held that office till his death, which occurred in the latter 
part of the reign of king William, or in the beginning of 
that of queen Anne. Sir Charles Scarborough was married 
and left a son, who was created doctor of civil law at Oxford, 
in August, 1702. In 1705, this gentleman printed in folio, 
from his father’s manuscript, “ An English Translation of 
Euclid’s Elements, with excellent explanatory Notes.” Sir 
Charles also wrote “ A Treatise upon Trigonometry 
“A Compendium of Lily’s Grammar;” and “ An Elegy 
on Mr. Abraham Cowley.” Hutchinson, Biographia 
Medico,. 
SCARBOROUGH, a market and sea-port town of Eng¬ 
land, in the North Riding of Yorkshire, a place of consider¬ 
able trade, and much noted and frequented for its mineral 
waters and sea-bathing. It stands in the recess of a beautiful 
bay, on the borders of the German ocean. The situation 
is greatly admired, the town rising from the shore in the 
form of an amphitheatre, the main ocean expanding inde¬ 
finitely towards the south, while the ruins of the ancient 
castle adorn the top of a lofty promontory on the east, and 
the elevated site of Oliver’s Mount exhibits a noble object 
on the west. Along the shore the recess of the tide leaves 
a spacious area of smooth and firm sand, equally adapted 
for sea-bathing and exercise. The town is well built, and 
various circumstances concur to render it a charming sum¬ 
mer's retreat. The principal streets in the upper town are 
spacious and well paved, with excellent flagged foot paths 
on each side. The houses in general have a handsome ap¬ 
pearance, particularly those in Queen-street, Newborough, 
and Long-room-street. The new buildings on the cliff are 
very striking, and stand almost unrivalled in respect of situa¬ 
tion, having in front a beautiful terrace, nearly 106 feet above 
the level of the sands, and commanding a variety of de¬ 
lightful prospects. As lodging-houses also, they are agree¬ 
able, healthy, commodious, and elegant. Besides these, 
there are many other excellent lodging-houses in different 
parts of the town. The gardens and public walks are 
agreeable; and an elegant assembly-room and a handsome 
theatre are open alternately in summer evenings. The rides 
are also varied and romantic; and the road to the beautiful 
sylvan scenery at Hackness, by Ayton valley, where the 
river Derwent gently meanders between lofty hills clothed 
with wood, is peculiarly interesting. Scarborough had 
formerly four churches, all of which, however, are now 
demolished, except St. Mary’s, which constitutes the only 
church now in the town; and even of thjs only a small part 
remains, having sustained considerable injury by the effects 
of the sieges, during the civil wars in the reign of Charles I, 
A church rate has recently been levied for repairing the de¬ 
cayed roof this ancient edifice. The dissenting places of 
worship are an Independent,. Baptist, and Roman Catholic 
chapel, a meeting-house for Quakers, and another for 
Methodists. Scarborough had formerly four priories and 
two hospitals, of the latter of which St. Thomas’s still 
remains, and is appropriated as an asylum for aged and 
9 F infirm 
