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756 
negl’ Amore,” 1680. This great master has many titles 
a durable fame, not only for his numerous operas and ex¬ 
quisite cantatas, which are still as much sought by the 
curious, as, during his life, they were by the public at large, 
but for establishing the fame of the Neapolitan school of 
counterpoint, which has since been so fertile in great musi¬ 
cians, among whom his admirable son, Domenico Scar¬ 
latti, and his elegant scholar, Adolfo Hasse, detto il Sassone, 
are distinguished by all the lovers of music, who are able 
to separate original genius from froth and bombast; and 
taste, propriety, and exquisite sensibility, from noise and 
Gothic barbarism. The early production of Scarlatti, was 
performed in the palace of Christina, queen of Sweeden, who 
after her abdication in 1654, had chosen Rome for the place 
of her residence, where she died 1688. 
Of more than three thousand cantatas, which Alessandro 
Scarlatti composed, and of which he was himself author of 
the words to a' great number, none have been printed, except 
one book mentioned by Walther, that was published at 
Amsterdam, under the title of “ Cantate a una e due Voci;” 
nor of his other vocal productions, except a book of “ Motetti 
a una, due, tre, e quattro Voci con Violini,” printed like¬ 
wise at Amsterdam: but these are now become more scarce 
than manuscripts. 
There is a madrigal of the elder Scarlatti’s composition 
for four sopranos, and a contralto for base, inserted in the 
second part of Padre Martini’s “Saggio di Contrappunto,” 
which surpasses in art and ingenuity all the compositions of 
that kind which we have seen. The expression of the words 
and passages of imitation are still elegant and new. 
The opera of “ Pyrrhus and Demetrius,” performed at 
our lyric theatre in 1708, the first in which Nicolini sung 
in England, was composed by Alessandro Scarlatti; and 
six concertos for the church were printed in London, by 
Benjamin Cook, in New-street, Covent-Garden, early in 
the last century: but when they were composed, it is not 
easy to discover. They were too grave, perhaps, for se¬ 
cular use; but the fugues, harmony, and modulation, are 
very fine. He composed 109 operas, besides masses and 
oratorios; and it was the opinion of Hasse and Jomelli, 
that his compositions for the church, though but little 
known, were the best of his productions, and perhaps the 
best of the kind. He was the first who accompanied re¬ 
citative with two violins and a tenor, besides the violoncello 
and harpsichord; but the interstitial symphonies, or ritor- 
nelli, in scenes of great interest, were first introduced by 
Rinaldo di Capua. 
He continued writing for the stage to the last year of his 
life. In 1707, “ II Trionfo della Liberta,” for Venice; 
1712, “ Ciro,” for Rome; 1713, “ Mitridate Eupatore,” 
for Reggio; 1716, “Carlo Re d’AIlemagna,” for Naples; 
1718, “ Telemaco,” for Rome; 1720, “ Turno Aricino,” 
for Rome; and in 1724, “Marco Attilio Regolo,” for 
Bologna. 
He died at Rome the latter end of 1725. He was ap¬ 
pointed maestro di capella, and knighted, by'' Christiana, 
queen of Sweden. Burney. 
SCARLATTI (Giuseppe), grandson of Alessandro Scar¬ 
latti, born at Naples in 1718, and brought up to music. 
He went at an early age to Vienna where he gained a great 
name by his composition for the theatre, as well as for the 
harp-ichord. He died in that city in 1776. His works 
are distinguished by a light and pleasing style, peculiar to 
the Scarlatti family. He set, in 1747, “ Pompeo in Ar¬ 
menia;” in 1752, “Adriano in Siria;” in 1754, “ Ezio;” 
and for Venice, the same year, “ L’Effetti della gran 
Madree Natura;” in 1756, “ De Gustibus non est dis- 
putandum ;” for the same place, and in the same year, 
“ Chitutto abbraccia nulla Stringe;” in 1757, “ II Mer- 
cato di Malmantile,” which was much applauded ; same 
year, “ L’lsola disabitata,” for Vienna; “Icipile;’’ “ Nar- 
ciso;” in 1759, “La Serva scaltraand in 1760, “La 
Clemenza di Tito.” 
SCARLE, North, a parish of England, in Lincolnshire; 
10 miles west of Lincoln. 
S C A 
SCARLE, South, a small village of England, in 
Nottinghamshire; 8 miles north-east of Newark. 
SCA'RLET, s. [escarlate , Fr. scarlato, Ital. ysgarlad, 
Welsh, scharlach, Ger.] A colour compounded of red and 
yellow; cloth dyed with a scarlet colour. 
If we live thus tamely. 
To be thus jaded by a piece of scarlet, 
Farewell nobility. Shakspeare. 
SCA'RLET, adj. Of the colour of scarlet; red tinged 
with yellow. 
I conjure thee, 
By her high forehead and her scarlet lip. Shakspeare. 
SCARLET BEAN, the common name of a plant of the 
kidney bean kind: see Phaseolus.—Scarlet Cardinal 
Flower: see Lobelia.—Scarlet Convolvulus: see Ipo- 
m-«a.—Scarlet Horse Chesnut: see Pavia.—Scarlet 
Jasmin : see Bignonia. — Scarlet Lupin: see Lathyrus. 
—Scarlet Lychnis: see Lychnis. — Scarlet Oak: see 
Quercus. — Scarlet Sparrow, in Ornithology: see Ta- 
nagra Rubra. 
SCARLINO, a small town of Tuscany, in the principality 
of Piombino ; 9 miles south of Massa. 
SCA'RMAGE, or Sca'rmoge, s. Skirmish; which see. 
It is now pronounced by the vulgar skirmige. 
Such cruel game my scarmoges disarms; 
Another war, and other weapons, I 
Do love, where love does give his sweet alarms. Spenser. 
SCARN, s. [pceapn, Sax. skarn, Su. Goth.] Cow- 
dung. North. Ray, and Grose. ' 
SCARNAFIGI, a small town of the north-west of Italy, 
in Piedmont, with 2600 inhabitants; 5 miles north-east of 
Saluzzo, and 6 south-west of Savigliano. 
SCARN-BEE, s. A beetle. Northumberland. Ray. 
SCARNING, a parish of England, in. Norfolk; 2 miles 
west of East Dereham. Population 492. 
SCARO, a small town of the island of Santorini, in the 
Grecian archipelago, the residence of a Catholic bishop. 
The Greek bishop of Scaro resides at some distance, at 
Pyrgo. 
SCARP, in Fortification, the interior slope of the ditch of 
a place; that is the slope of that side of a ditch which is 
next to the place, and faces the champaign. 
The scarp commences from the liziere, or foot of the 
rampart. The scarp is opposite to the counterscarp, which 
is the other side of the ditch. 
Scarp is also a term in Heraldry, probably derived from 
the French escharpe, signifying the scarf which military 
commanders wear for ornament 
It is borne something like a battoon sinister; but is 
broader, and is continued out to the edges of the field : 
whereas the battoon is cut off at each end. He beareth 
argent a scarp azure. 
SCARP, one of the smaller Hebrides, on the west coast of 
Scotland. It is a high conical rocky island, of which, at 
the diameter, the base is about 3 miles. 
SCARPANTO, or Koje, the ancient Carpatiios, a 
small island in the Mediterranean, between Candia and 
Rhodes. It belongs to the Turks, but is inhabited by Greek 
Christians. It is for the most part rocky and mountainous, 
but contains several good harbours, and has iron mines and 
quarries of marble. Lat. 35.44. N. long. 26. 50. E. 
SCARPE, a river of French Flanders, which becomes 
navigable at Arras, and, passing by Douay and St. Amand, 
discharges itself into the Scheldt. 
SCARPE, a fortress in the north-east of France, situated 
on the river Scarpe, not far from Douay. 
SCARPERIA, a small town of Tuscany, at the foot of 
the Appenines; 13 miles north of Florence. It has 1600 
inhabitants, who manufacture knives and other small articles 
in iron and steel. 
SCARR, a river of Scotland, in Dumfriesshire, which 
rises on the borders of Ayrshire, and, after a course of about 
25 miles, unites with the Nith. 
SC ARRINGTON, 
