762 S C H 
SCHABATZ, or Bogurdlen, a small town and fortress 
in the north of European Turkey, in Bosnia, on the Save. 
It was taken by the Austrians in 1788, but restored at the 
peace •, 32 miles west of Belgrade. 
SCHABIBAK, a small fort in the west of European 
Turkey, in Albania, in the neighbourhood of Montenegro. 
SCHADIDA CALLI, in Botany, a name given by some 
authors to the plant, which affords the Euphorbium of the 
shops. > 
SCH-EFFERIA [so named by Jaequin, in honour of 
Jacob Christian Schaeffer, superintendant of the church at 
Ratisbon ; author of “ Stud) i Botanici Methodus,” 1758.— 
“Isagoge in Botanicam,” 1759.—“Fungi,” 1759.—“Bo- 
tanica expeditior,” 1760], in Botany, a genus of the class 
dioecia, order tetrandria.—Generic Character. Male—Calyx: 
perianth four or five-leaved ; leaflets ovate, concave, spread¬ 
ing. Corolla: petals four, lanceolate-ovate, spreading: or, 
in the place of these, a four-cornered, convex nectary, in the 
middle of the flower. Stamina: filaments four, filiform, 
erect. Anthers roundish, erect. Pistil: rudiment of a germ, 
without style or stigma. Female—Calyx: perianth one- 
leafed, four or five-parted, inferior; segments obtuse, spread¬ 
ing. Corolla: petals four, lanceolate-ovate, concave, wider 
at the end, spreading, deciduous: or, in place of these, a 
nectary, which is a fleshy rim about the germ. Pistil: 
germ roundish. Styles two, very short, reflexed. Stigmas 
bifid, or entire compressed-headed. Pericarp: berry round¬ 
ish, two-celled. Seeds solitary, hemispherical.— Essential 
Character. Male—Calyx four or five-leaved. Corolla 
four-petal led or none. Female —Calyx four or five-parted. 
Corolla four-parted or none. Berry two-celled. Seeds soli¬ 
tary. 
1. Schsefferia completa.—This is a shrub ten feet high ; 
in thick coppices frequently throwing out very long branches 
like the vine. Leaves lanceolate-ovate or ovate-roundish, 
acute or obtuse, quite entire, greasy to the touch, deciduous, 
coming out afresh after the flowers burst forth, one, two, or 
three from the same tubercle in alternate order. Flowers 
small. Berries the size of a small pea, yellowish-red.— 
Native of the West Indies. 
2. Schaefferia lateriflora.—This is a small tree, with the 
trunk a fathom high or more, upright and smooth ; and the 
branches round, smooth, ash-coloured. Leaves alternate, 
ovate-acuminate, membranaceous, beautifully veined. Pe¬ 
duncles lateral, subsessile or on very short pedicels, whitish- 
green. Calyx, in the male, sometimes but seldom five¬ 
leaved, white-ciliate, two smaller. Filaments four or five, 
longer than the calyx, villose at the base. Anthers twin, 
yellow, villose. Calyx, in the female, four or five-parted, 
ciliate. A compressed fleshy yellow rim at the base of the 
germ, instead of petals. Berry the size of a large pepper¬ 
corn, pubescent, scarlet when ripe. It flowers in Fe¬ 
bruary; and was discovered in the island of Hispaniola, 
by Swartz. 
SCEzEHHR, or Sahar, a considerable sea-port of 
Hadramaut, on the southern coast of Arabia, the chief trade 
of which consists in frankincense. The inhabitants are to¬ 
lerably civilised, and give a kind reception to strangers. Lat. 
14. 10. N. long. 47. 50. E. 
SC1UEN1CLOS, in Ornithology, the name of a bird, 
which, by the description of Bellonius, seems to be the same 
wilh that called by the French alouette de rner, the sea- 
lark, and by us the flint. 
SCHiERDlNG, a small town of Upper Austria, on the 
Inn ; 6 miles south of Passau. It is well-built, defended by 
a strong castle, and contains 2000 inhabitants. On the 26th 
of April, 1809, it was bombarded by the French, and almost 
laid in ashes. 
SCHiESBURG, a district of Transylvania, in the pro¬ 
vince belonging to the Saxons, lying along the great Kockel, 
to the west of the district of Udvarhely. It contains 210 
square miles, with about 20,000 inhabitants, of whom 
14,000 are of Saxon, and the rest chiefly of Wallachian 
descent. Though hilly, it contains no-high mountains. It 
S C H 
is divided into the Upper and Lower circles-, has good pas¬ 
turage, and plantations of vines. 
SCHiESBURG, or Segesvar, a town of Transylvania, 
situated near the river called the Great Kockel. It is divided 
.into the Upper and Lower town, besides the suburbs. The 
former stands on a hill, nearly 250 feet in height, and is for¬ 
tified ; the latter is built on the plain, and is open. The two 
together contain 6000 inhabitants, of whom above two-fhirds 
are of Saxon descent, this being the chief place of one of the 
districts of thejBaxon province. The inhabitants are chiefly 
Lutherans, and have here four churches, with a gymnasium. 
The principal branches of employment are the weaving of 
linen, and spinning of cotton. The environs produce vines 
and other fruit. The present town was begun in 1778 ; but 
several ruins, and a number of medals found here, shew that, 
if not a Roman colony, it was occupied by the Romans; 47 
miles east-south-east of Clausenburg, and 120 north-east of 
Temesvar. Lat. 46. 10. 29. N. long. 24. 49. 18. E. 
SCIIAFEI (the surname of Abu Abdallah Mohammed 
Ben Edris), a celebrated Mohammedan doctor, was born at 
Gaza, A. D. 767. Alter visiting Bagdad and Mecca, he 
went to hear a famous Iman, in Egypt, where he died, in 
819. He was the first of the Mohammedans who wrote on 
jurisprudence, and he was the author of a work entitled 
“ Ossoul,” or the fundamentals of Islamism, in which was 
comprised the whole Moslem law, civil and canonical. He 
wrote two other books on the law, entitled “ Sonan” and 
“ Mesnad,” and his doctrine is regarded of such authority 
by the orthodox Moslems, that the famous Saladin founded 
a college at Cairo, in which it was forbidden to teach or 
profess any other. The magnificent mosque and college at 
Herat, in Khorasan, was appropriated to the doctors of the 
sect Schafei. 
SCHAFFA, a small town of the Austrian states, in Mo¬ 
ravia, with 1100 inhabitants, of whom the half are Jews; 46 
miles west-south-west of Brunn. 
SCHAFFHAUSEN, one the best towns in the north of 
Switzerland, is situated near the frontiers of Suabia, on the 
Rhine. It is a place of antiquity, and contains above 6000 
inhabitants. Its public buildings are the large parish church 
of St. John, an academy with seven professors, besides other 
teachers, the town library, the town-hall, and the market- 
house. The transit trade of this place has been for many 
ages considerable, owing chiefly to its situation about a 
league above the celebrated cataract of the Rhine, which 
necessitates all the goods brought down the river to he 
landed here, and conveyed into the interior, or to w'here 
the river becomes again navigable. The manufactures of 
cotton, silk, and leather, are considerable for a small town, 
and the wine raised in the neighbourhood forms also an 
article of export. A wooden bridge of very ingenious con¬ 
struction, is here thrown across the Rhine, and forms the 
only channel of communication between this town and 
the rest of Switzerland. The bridge is 360 feet in length, and 
consists of two very wide arches. It was first erected in 1758, 
after the repeated destruction by inundations of the pre¬ 
ceding stone bridge ; and though burnt by the French 
troops in their retreat in 1799, has been rebuilt much in the 
same form as before; 25 miles west of Constance, and 50 
east-by-north of Bale. Lat. 47. 42. 52. N. long. 8. 37. 
21. E. 
SCHAFFHAUSEN, a canton in the north of Switzerland, 
with an extent of 170 square miles, and a population of 
32,000. It contains a number of small hills, but no moun¬ 
tains, except one called the Randen. The climate is tem¬ 
perate and healthy; the soil is various; the products are 
wheat, barley, and oats; ako vines and other fruits; the pas¬ 
turages are only local. The towns being inconsiderable, the 
manufactures and trade are of little account. The inhabitants 
are, with few exceptions, Calvinists, and partake more of the 
Suabian than of the Swiss character. 
SCHAFFHAUSEN, Upper, a village of the west of 
Germany, in Baden, to the north of Freyberg. Population 
