/ 
SEN 
31 
greater share of attention, and from which they have con¬ 
ceived greater hopes, is that with the interior, by means of 
their settlement at Gal lam, on the upper part of the Senegal. 
Through it they hoped not only to obtain an establishment 
in Bambouk, a country so rich in gold, but to extend their 
intercourse to Tombuctoo, and all the countries on the Niger. 
A fort was first built in 1700, at Dramanet, called Fort St. 
Joseph; but no proper measures having been taken to con¬ 
ciliate the natives, they soon rose in insurrection, and though 
unable to make any impression on European fortifications, 
yet, by perseverance and cutting off all supplies, they at 
length obliged the French to evacuate it. In 1713, anew 
fort was erected a little farther down, and in a very advan¬ 
tageous situation, at Mankanet. Repeated visits were made 
here by the governors of Senegal, with the view of acquiring 
information, and extending the trade. They never were 
able, however, to raise it to any high degree of importance. 
The excessively winding course of the river, which nearly 
doubles the distance from St. Louis to Gallam ; the extreme 
unhealthiness of the climate, especially as the voyage can 
be carried on only in the rainy season; the difficult negoci- 
ation with the chiefs who occupy the banks, not to mention 
the danger of plunder; these circumstances have deterred 
all, except the most daring, from adventuring upon this 
voyage. Sanguier, who undertook it, says indeed that trade 
may be carried on with advantage, and that he made 100 
per cent.; but in the way down he was plundered of his 
whole cargo. 
Besides gum, there were exported from the Senegal, in 
1786, slaves to the number of 2200, valued at 2,640,000 
livres; gold to the amount of 90,000 livres; ivory and mis¬ 
cellaneous articles to 130,000 livres. 
Considerable political revolutions have been experienced 
by this colony. In the war of 1756, it yielded to the victo¬ 
rious arms of Britain, and was ceded to this country at the 
peace of 1763. The French, however, retook it in 1779, 
and retained it by the peace of 1783. They lost it again in 
the revolutionary war; but on the restoration of the Bour¬ 
bons, it was anew ceded to them. It was in sailing to re¬ 
sume possession of this settlement, that the Medusa frigate 
sustained that terrible shipwreck, which has drawn so much 
of the notice of the public. This disaster seems to have 
hitherto paralysed any attempts which the French might 
make, to restore the importance of their settlements in this 
part of Africa. 
SENEGALIA, or Senegallus, in Ornithology, the 
Loxia astrill. See Loxia. See also Fringilla Sene- 
gala. 
SENEGANTI, a river of South America, in the pro¬ 
vince of Darien, which runs west, and enters the great river 
Charqunagui. 
SENEKA, or Rattlesnake-root. See Polygala 
Senega. 
SENELEE, a river of North America, which falls into 
the Tombigbee. 
SENEMBI, in Zoology, a name given by Marcgrave to 
the Lacerta Iguana ; which see. 
SENERE, a river of Brazil, in the territory of Matto- 
Grosso, which runs nearly south, and enters the Itenes or 
Guapore. 
SENE'SCENCE, s. [senesco, Lat.] The state of grow¬ 
ing old; decay by time.—The earth and all things will con¬ 
tinue in the state wherein they now are, without the least 
senescence or decay, without jarring, disorder, or invasion 
of one another. Woodward. 
SE'NESCHAL, < s. [seneschal, Fr. from scalc/c, or 
schal/c, the old Goth, and Germ, word for a servant, senex, 
old Lat. forming the first part of the word.] One who 
had in great houses the care of feasts, or domestic cere¬ 
monies. v 
The seneschal rebuk’d, inhaste withdrew; 
With equal haste a menial train pursue. Pope. 
It afterwards came to signify other offices. 
SEN 
There eke he placed a strong garrison. 
And set a seneschall of dreaded might. 
That by his powre oppressed every one, 
And vanquished all venturous knights in fight. Spenser. 
SENEZ, a small town in the south-east of France, de¬ 
partment of the Lower Alps, situated in a wild and rugged 
district, on the small river Asse. Population 8f)0; 14 miles 
south-south-east of Digne. 
SENFTENBERG, a small town of Austria; 3 miles north 
of Stein, and 40 west-by-north of Vienna. 
SENFTENBERG, a small town of the Prussian states, 
in Lower Lusatia; 35 miles north-east of Meissen. Popula¬ 
tion 1000. 
SENFTENBERG, a small town in the east of Bohemia; 
70 miles east of Prague. Population 1600. 
SENGBEST, a town of Korassan, in Persia; 25 miles 
south-east of Meshed. 
SENGEN, a city of China, of the first rank, in Quang- 
see, situated in a small and mountainous district. Lat. 23. 
24. N. long. 107. 34. E. 
SENGILEJEV, a town in the south-east of European 
Russia, at the confluence of the Wolga and Sengilaika. 
Population 2500; 29 miles south-by-east of Simbirsk. 
SENGLEA, a town, or rather part of the city of Valette, 
in the island of Malta, divided by a canal from Vittoriosa, 
which is also a part of Valette. Senglea contains nearly 
5500 inhabitants. See Valette. 
SENGMA, a sea-port of Western Africa, in the country 
of Calabar; 5 miles north of Cape Formosa. 
SENGOA, a village of Aderbijan, in Persia; 48 miles 
south-east of Tabreez. 
SE'NGREEN, s. A plant. See Sedum. 
SENGWARDEN, a small town of Westphalia, in the 
grand duchy of Oldenburg, with 1400 inhabitants; 6 miles 
east of Jever. 
SENICA, a town in the north of Austrian Italy, in the 
Brescian, near the lake of Iseo. 
SENILE, adj. [senilis, Lat.] Belonging to old age; 
consequent on old age.—My green youth made me very 
unripe for a task of that nature, whose difficulty requires 
that it should be handled by a person in whom nature, 
education, and time have happily matched a senile maturity 
of judgment with youthful vigour of fancy. Boyle. 
SENI'LITY, s. [seniliter, Lat.] Old age.—Mr. Edwards, 
when going away, again recurred to his consciousness of 
senility; and, looking full in Dr. Johnson’s face, said to 
him, You’ll find in Dr. Young, “ O my coevals! remnants of 
yourselves.” Johnson did not relish this at all. Boswell's 
Johnson. 
SENIO, a small river of Italy, in the Ecclesiastical states, 
which flows into the Argento. 
SE'NIOR, s. [senior, Lat.] One older than another; 
one who on account of longer time has some superiority.— 
How can you admit your seniors to the examination or al¬ 
lowing of them, not only being inferior in office and calling, 
but in gifts also ? Whitgift. —An aged person. 
A senior of the place replies, 
Well read, and curious of antiquities. Dryden. 
SENIORE, a village of Algiers; 22 miles west of 
Tiffesh. 
SENIO'RITY, s. Eldership; priority of birth.—He was 
the elder brother, and Ulysses might be consigned to his care, 
by the right due to his seniority. Broome. 
S’ENIORY, s. Seniority. Unused. 
SENITZ, a small town of the north-west of Hungary, 
on the Miava; 37 miles north of Presburg, inhabited by 
Slowacs. 
SENJEN, a large island on the coast of Norway. It is 
25 miles in length, and 38 in breadth : the north part con¬ 
sists of hills, which, though seldom above 700 feet in ele¬ 
vation, seem much higher, their sharp peaks being covered’ 
nearly to the top with plants, which, in this high latitude, 
bear the same stunted appearance as among the higher A|ps. 
