S E- N 
changing the productions of interior Africa with those of 
Egypt and Arabia. The most extensive communication is 
with Suakin and Jidda, by Shendi, and thence across the 
track extending from the Nile to the Red Sea. With Egypt 
the intercourse is conducted by two different routes. One 
leads along the east of the Nile, and follows the course of 
that river to Shendi, when the caravans strike across the vast 
desert of Nubia, where for 500 miles they do not encounter 
a human habitation, till they arrive at Syene. The other 
track is west of the Nile. The caravans here, in coming from 
Egypt, quit the Nile at Siout, then strike across the equally 
extensive desert to the west of that river. They refresh them¬ 
selves at Charje or the Great Oasis, then proceed for some 
time by the same track as the caravans to Darfur, till they 
rejoin the Nile at Moscho, in the territory of Dongola. 
After passing through the capital of that kingdom, they 
come to Korti, where they proceed across the desert of 
Bahiouda, and joining the Nile at Derri, follow its course to 
Sennaar. The commodities drawn from interior Africa, for 
export to Egypt and Arabia, are gold dust, called tibhar, 
ivory, civet, rhinoceros' horns, but above all, slaves. The 
gold still maintains its reputation as the purest and best in 
Africa. The foreign commodity chiefly sought after is blue 
cotton cloth fiom Surat. They receive also spices, hard¬ 
ware and toys, particularly a species of black beads made 
at Venice. 
SENNAAR, a city, capital of the above kingdom, 
situated on the shore of the Baht-el-Azrek, a river of Abys¬ 
sinia, about 200 miles previous to its junction with the Bahr- 
el-Abiad, or main branch of the Nile. It stands upon 
ground merely high enough to, secure it against the rise 
which takes place during the rainy season, at which time the 
river rises to the level of the street. The city is large, and is 
supposed to contain 100,000 inhabitants, though the houses 
are in general poorly built, and do not usually consist of 
more than one story. Bruce, however, found the habitations 
of all the great officers raised to the height of two stories. 
They have flat roofs, which form agreeable terraces ; a con¬ 
struction peculiar to this city, as throughout the tropic in 
general, the roofs are made conical, in order that the violent 
rains to which these climates are subject, may run off with¬ 
out injuring the edifice. The moderation of these rains is 
also indicated by the sparing mixture of straw w ith the clay, 
of which all the houses are built. The king’s palace is sur¬ 
rounded with a lofty brick wall, but the edifices which com¬ 
pose it are not arranged with any degree of order or taste. 
The apartments, however, are richly adorned with carpets. 
The soil around Sennaar is composed Of a rich black earth, 
the most fertile that can be conceived; it has even been 
asserted, though doubtless with exaggeration, to yield three 
hundred for one. The crops of dhourra and millet are im¬ 
mense; and wheat and rice are also produced. There 
appears to be something, however, either in the air, or in 
this rank vegetation, which is pernicious to animal life. Mr. 
Bruce assures us, that no domestic animal of any description 
ever bred in the town, or in any district for several miles 
round ; none of them, whetherhorse, mule, ass, or of any 
other description, can live there for all the year round, but 
must be carried every half year to the sands, three or four 
miles distant. Here Adelan, the general and actual ruler, 
kept his stud, which he maintained in the most perfect con¬ 
dition. There is also a constant mortality among the chil¬ 
dren in the city, and the numbers could not be kept up, 
unless by the constant introduction of slaves from the south¬ 
ward. The men are strong and large, but short-lived; 
which, however, may perhaps be sufficiently accounted for 
by the excesses in which they indulge. Neither rose, nor 
any species of jessamin, grows near the city; nor any tree, 
except the lemon. Lat. 13. 34. 36. N. long. 33. 30. 30. E. 
SENNE, a small slow flowing river of the Netherlands, 
in the province of the Hainault, which passes through Brus¬ 
sels, and falls into the Dyle. 
SENNERAT, an island near the west coast of West 
Greenland. Lat. 61. 28. N. long. 47. 35 W. 
SENNERTUS (Daniel), a learned phy cian, was born on 
Vox.. XXIII. No.1552. 
SEN 33 
the 25th of November, 1572, at Breslaw, in Silesia, where 
his father was a shoe-maker. He received his early educa¬ 
tion in his native city, under the direction of his mother, and 
was then sent to the university of Witteinberg, in the year 
1593, where he exhibited such proofs of acuteness of mind 
and solidity of judgment, that every opportunity was 
afforded him, by visiting the other celebrated universities of 
Germany, especially those of Leipsic, Jena, Francfort-on-the- 
Oder, and Berlin, of cultivating his talents. He returned to 
Wittemberg in 1601, and received the degree of Doctor in 
September of that year, and in the same month of the fol¬ 
lowing year was appointed to a professorship of medicine. 
In this office his eloquence and knowledge were calculated 
to raise him to a high reputation, and his luminous method 
of teaching brought crowds of pupils to his lectures. His 
reputation became so extensive, that patients came to him 
from all parts of the world, and he refused his assistance to 
nobody. He took what was offered for his trouble, but 
demanded nothing, and even returned to the poor what they 
gave him. The plague prevailed seven times at Wittemberg, 
while he was professor there; but he never retired, nor was 
ever known to refuse to visit the poorest sick. George I., 
elector of Saxony, whom he had cured of a dangerous illness 
in 1626, appointed him one of his physicians in ordinary ; 
but with the permission to remain at Wittemberg, that the 
world might continue to derive the benefit of his public 
instructions. He was three times married, and had seven 
children by his first wife, three of whom survived him. He 
was at length carried off by an attack of the plague, which 
was raging in Wittemberg, in the month of July, 1637, in 
the sixty-fifth year of his age. 
Sennertus was a voluminous writer, and has been charac¬ 
terized, by some critics, as a mere compiler from the works of 
the ancients; for his writings contain an epitome of tire 
learning of the Greeks and Arabians, which renders them, 
even at this day, of considerable value as books of reference. 
His various works have been collected together, and pub¬ 
lished at different times and places, under the title of “ Opera 
omnia;” but they were principally promulgated by himself 
under the following titles:—“ Quaest-ionuin Mtdicarum con- 
troversaruin Liber;” 1609. “ Institutiones Medicse, et de 
Origine animarum in Brutis ;” 1611. “ Epitome Scientiae 
Naturalis;” 1618. “ De Febribus Libri quatuor1619. 
“ De Scorbuto Tractatus;” 1624. “ Practice Medicinae 
Liber primus;” 1628. Five other books of the same work 
were successively published. “ Tractatus de Arthritide;” 
1631. “ Epitome Institutionum Medicarum disputationibus 
18 comprehensa;” 1631. “ Epitome Inst. Med. et Libro- 
rum de Febribus;” 1634. “ Hypomnemata physica,” 1635; 
and one or two small works of less note. Almost all these 
works have passed through many editions and translations. 
See Eloy Diet. Hist, de la Med. Vita Dan. Sennerti, pre¬ 
fixed to his “ Opera omnia." 
SENNFELD, a village of Bavarian Franconia; 2 miles 
south-east of Schweinfurt. Population 800. 
SE'NNIGHT, s. [Contracted from sevennight.] The 
space of seven nights and days; a week.—Time trots hard 
with a young maid between the contract of her marriage and 
the day it is solemnized: if the interim be but a sennight, 
time’s pace is so hard that it seems the length of seven years. 
SAakspenre. 
SENNIT, [of seven and knit,] a sort of flat, braided 
cordage, formed by platting five or seven rope-yarns together. 
This is beaten smooth and flat with a hammer, and serves to 
keep the ropes to which it is applied from galling. 
SENNOJE, a small town in the west of European Russia, 
in the government of Mohilev, on a lake of the same name. 
It is inhabited chiefly by Jews. 
SENO'CULAR, arfj. [sent and Sculus, Lat.] Having 
six eyes. Most animals are binocular, spiders octonocular, 
some senocular. Derham. 
SENONCHES, a small town in the north of France, 
department of the Eure and Loir. Population 1800; 18 
miles north of Nogent-le-Rotrou. 
SENONES, in Ancient Geography, a people of Gallia 
K Celtica, 
