58 
S E R 
found on the British coasts, adhering to fuci; it is minute, 
flexile, hyaline; the denticles are carinate, with a small 
clavate tube at the top. 
44. Sertularia loriculata.—Denticles opposite, obliquely 
truncate, and nearly obsolete; the branches are erect and 
dichotomous.—It inhabits the British coasts, on old secu¬ 
larise. 
45. Sertularia fasflgiata.—Denticles alternate, pointed ; 
branches dichotomous, erect.—This is found in the British 
seas; the denticles are marked with a black spot in the 
middle. 
46. Sertularia aricularia.—The denticles all point one way, 
nearly opposite, and furnished with two mucronate appen¬ 
dages ; the globules appendaged; the stem is branched and 
dichotomous.—It is found in the European seas; is from one 
to two inches long; in colour it is of a dirty grey. It is very 
brittle. 
47. Sertularia neritina.—The denticles are alternate, acute, 
and pointing one way ; the branches are dichotomous, un¬ 
equal, and straight.—It is found in the European and Ame¬ 
rican seas. It is soft; the globules have an opening, sur¬ 
rounded by a dark-coloured margin. 
48. Sertularia scruposa.—Denticles alternate, angular, 
spinous; the branches are dichotomous and creeping.—It 
inhabits most seas; is very brittle, linear, and pale, with a 
double row of cells. 
49. Sertularia pilosa.—The denticles are alternate, oblique, 
with a long mouth; the branches are dichotomous, fasti- 
giate, and strong.—It is found in the Mediterranean, and is 
not half an inch long. 
50. Sertularia crispa.—This species is very much branched, 
dichotomous, elongated, and crisp, with depressed ovate 
joints, furnished with cells on one side.—It inhabits the East, 
is large, flexile, and of a pale-grey colour. 
51. Sertularia floccosa.—This is very much branched, 
dichotomous, fastigiate, with wedge-shaped joints, having 
cells on one side.—This is found chiefly in the Indian ocean ; 
is large, whitish, with greyish flexile joints. 
52. Sertularia reptans.—Denticles alternate, two-toothed ; 
the branches are dichotomous and creeping.—This is found 
in the European seas, adhering to the flustra foliacea; it is 
not an inch long; white or pale-grey. 
53. Sertularia parasitica.—The denticles of this species are 
verticillate, turbinate, ciliate, and parasitical.—It is found in 
the Mediterranean and North seas, adhering to other sertu- 
larice and corallines; in colour it is dull red, with terminal 
denticles. 
54. Sertularia ciliata—Denticles alternate, ciliate, funnel- 
form ; branches dichotomous and erect.—It inhabits the 
European seas, on marine substances; not half an inch high; 
it is whitish; the cells have wide mouths. 
55. Sertularia eburnea.—The denticles are alternate, trun¬ 
cate, a little prominent; the vesicles are gibbous, with a 
tubular beak on one side; the branches spreading.—This 
inhabits the European and Mediterranean seas, and is found 
growing upon other sertularire and fuci; is about an inch 
high, and white. 
56. Sertularia anguina.—The stem is very simple, without 
denticles, but beset with very simple, obtuse, clavate arms, 
each with a lateral opening.—This is found climbing up 
marine substances; it is white, soft, flexile, varying in form, 
and appears to connect the sertulariee and hydrae; the arms 
are testaceous. 
57. Sertularia flabellum.—This species is stony, branched, 
jointed, dichotomous; the joints are somewhat wedge-shaped, 
and have cells on one side—It inhabits the Bahama Islands, 
is about two inches high, white, growing in tufts; the joints 
are convex and striate on one side; the others are flat, with 
a triple row of cells. 
SERVA, a small river of the Sardinian states, in Pied¬ 
mont, which falls into the Sesia to the north of Vercelli. 
SERVAN, St., a considerable town in the north-west of 
France, department of the Hie and Vilaine, situated at the 
mouth of the river Ranee, about a mile to the south of St. 
Malo, from which it is separated by a narrow arm of the sea, 
S E R 
dry at low water. It is tolerably built, contains a popula¬ 
tion of 9000, but covers a space of ground more than 
proportionally large. It has a fine port, divided into two 
parts by a rock, on which stands the tower of Solidor. One 
of these divisions is fitted for men-of-war, or large merchant¬ 
men; the other for smaller vessels. Its manufactures, con¬ 
sisting chiefly of linen, sail-cloth, soap and tobacco, are 
considerable; provisions, and consequently labour being 
cheap here; ship-building is likewise carried on to some 
extent. This place is the resort in peace of a number of 
English families. In time of war it sends out a number of 
privateers. 
SERVANDONI (John Nicholas), an eminent architect, 
was born at Florence in 1695. He was employed by several 
of the sovereigns in Europe on occasions of magnificent 
public spectacles, in which he displayed a very fertile inven¬ 
tion, with nobleness of ideas, and a correct taste. As an 
architect he has left a fine specimen of his taste in the portico 
and front of the church St. Sulpice. 
SE'RVANT, 4'. [servus, Lat.] One who attends another, 
and acts at his command. The correlative of master. Used 
of man or woman. 
I had rather be a country servant maid. 
Than a great queen with this condition. Shalcspeare. 
He disdain’d not 
Thenceforth the form of servant to assume. Milton. 
A word of civility used to superiors or equals.—This sub¬ 
jection, due from all men to all men, is something more 
than the compliment of course, when our betters tell us they 
are our humble servants, but understand us to be their slaves. 
Swift. 
The first sort of servants, acknowledged by the laws of 
England, comprehends menial servants; so called from being 
intra mcenia, or domestics. The contract between them 
and their masters arises upon the hiring: if the hiring be 
general, without any particular time limited, the law construes 
it to be hiring for a year (Co. Litt. 42. F. N. B. 168.); but 
the contract may be made for any larger or smaller term. 
All single men between twelve years of age and sixty, and 
married ones under thirty years of age; and all single women 
between twelve and forty, not having any visible livelihood, 
are compellable by two justices to go out to service in hus¬ 
bandry, or certain specific trades, for the promotion of 
honest industry: and no master can put away his servant, 
or servant leave his master after being so retained, either 
before or at the end of his term, without a quarter’s warning, 
unless upon reasonable cause, to be allowed by a justice of 
the peace (stat. 5 Eliz. c. 4.); but they may part by consent, 
or make a special bargain. 
A master may maintain, i. e. abet or assist his servant in 
any action at law against a stranger; he may also bring an 
action against any man for beating or maiming his servant, 
assigning his damage by the loss of service, and proving the 
loss upon the trial: he may likewise justify an assault in 
defence of his servant, and a servant in defence of his master 
(2 Roll. Abr. 546.): and if any person hire or retain my 
servant, being in my service, I may have an action for 
damages against both the new master and the servant, or 
either of them; but if the master did not know that he is 
my servant, no action lies, unless he afterwards refuse to 
restore him upon information and demand. F. N. B. 167, 
168. 
As for those things which a servant may do in behalf of 
his master, they seem to be grounded on this principle, that 
the master is answerable for the act of his servant, if done by 
his command, either expressly given or implied ; therefore, 
if the servant commit a trespass by the command or encou¬ 
ragement of his master, the master shall be guilty of it; if 
any inn-keeper’s servants rob his guests, the master is bound 
to restitution (Noy’s Max. c. 43.); and if the drawer at a 
tavern sells a man bad wine, by which his health is injured, 
he may bring an action against the master. (1 Roll. Abr. 
95.) in the same manner, whatever a servant is permitted 
to do in the usual course of his business, is equivalent to a 
general 
