139 
SHIP-BUILDING. 
down and forward in the sheer plan. Transfer the height of 
the margin-line from the body to the sheer-plan, and there 
draw a line parallel to the upper side of the wing-transom 
last drawn, and unite them at the fore part of the wing- 
transom by a line parallel to the rabbet of the post. The 
margin-line must next be shewn in the half-breadth plan; 
by squaring it down from the sheer-plan, and making it a 
parallel curve to the aft-side of the wing-transom; the dis¬ 
tance, however small, being equal to the rake of the rabbet 
of the post, in the depth of the margin at the aft-side of the 
wing-transom. The margin-line being drawn in every 
plan, proceed to end the buttock-lines in the sheer-plan; 
thus, take the distance of the buttock-lines square from the 
middle-line of the body-plan, and set them off the same 
from the middle line in the half-breadth plan, drawing lines 
parallel thereto from the aft-side'of the wing-trausom to the 
after square timber, which will represent the buttock-lines 
in the half-breadth plan: then, where those lines iutersect 
the margin-line in the half-breadth plan, square up spots to 
the margin-line in the sheer-plan, which spots will give the 
true ending of the buttock-lines, also square up the intersec¬ 
tion of the buttock-lines with the water-lines from the half¬ 
breadth to the sheer-plan; then transfer all the heights of 
the buttock-lines, where the timbers cross them in the body- 
plan, to the sheer-plan, as before directed, and draw fair 
curves through all the spots set off to the endings, and the 
after part of the ship will be represented in the sheer-plan, as 
cut by those perpendicular sections. 
Now if the buttock-lines make fair curves, the after¬ 
timbers will be proved correct, and likewise the water-lines 
abaft in the half-breadth plan; but if the buttock-lines to be 
made fair curves deviate from the spots as set off, then must 
the timbers be altered accordingly, and consequently the 
water-lines. But as a further proof as to the correctness of 
the buttock, or that part of the body close aft, square up one 
or two imaginary or proof-timbers, equally between the 
after frame-timber 37 and the wing-transom at the side, as 
represented by the ticked lines in the sheer-plan. Then take 
the heights on a perpendicular from the upper edge of the 
keel in the sheer-plan, where the proof-timbers intersect the 
buttock-lines and bearding-line, and transfer them to the 
body-plan above the base line upon each corresponding but¬ 
tock-line, and half-thickness of the dead-wood ; take also 
the half-breadth of the proof-timbers where they intersect the 
water-lines in the half-breadth plan, and transfer them to 
their respective water-lines in the body-plan; but though 
the proof-timbers cross the stern-post, their heels may be set 
off as before directed for the after-limbers; then if the spots 
so set off produce fair curves, as the ticked timber Shewn in 
the body-plan, we may conclude that the after-body is suf¬ 
ficiently proved and its fairness accurate. The fore-body 
may be proved by vertical sections, in a similar mauner as 
described above, only their ending will be determined by 
squaring up their intersections with the main-breadth line, 
from the half-breadth plan to the sheer-plan. 
We now’ proceed to draw all the decks in the sheer-plan, 
beginning with the lower, or gun-deck. The height of the 
lower sills of the gun-deck ports should be 2 feet 4 inches 
above the gun-deck plank, which is four inches thick ; con¬ 
sequently the upper side of the beam along the side must be 
2 feet 8 inches below the sills ; add six inches to that for the 
round-up of the beam ; and the under side of the gun-deck 
at the middle line in midships will be 22 feet 2 inches above 
the upper edge of the keel ; at the foremost perpendicular 
set up 24 feet, and at the after-perpendicular 24 feet 8 
inches; then a segment of a circle drawn through these three 
heights will represent the under side of the gun-deck at the 
middle line. (These kinds of sweeps are drawn by thin 
veneers of pear-tree wood, called sweep-moulds, struck 
from a long radiuson purpose, or by a draw'ing-bow.) Now 
set up four inches, the thickness of the gun-deck plank, 
above the line last drawn, and let another line be drawn 
parallel thereto, and the gun-deck will be described at the 
middle line in the sheer-plan. 
Next proceed to draw the upper deck; set up 7 feet 
2 inches, being the height from the upper side of the gun- 
deck plank to the under side of the upper deck plank, along 
the middle line, through which heights draw a curve parallel 
to the gun-deck, and another curve three inches parallel 
above it, and the uper deck will be represented at the 
middle line of the sheer-plan. 
The stern-timbers should be next drawn, to shew the 
boundaries of the sheer-plan above the wing-transom. Set 
up above an horizontal line drawn at the upper side of the 
wing-transom at the middle line four feet, upon a perpen¬ 
dicular 6 feet 10 inches abaft the aft-side of the wing- 
transom, which will be the height and knuckle of the lower 
counter at the middle line; from thence draw a curve, about 
six inches hollow, to the upper side of the wing-transom, where 
the fore part of the rabbet of the stern-post intersects it; and 
that curve will represent the lower counter at the middle line. 
In the same manner, set up the height of the upper 
counter 7 feet 5 inches upon a perpendicular nine feet abaft 
the aft-side of the wing-transom, which will be the height 
and knuckle of the upper counter at the middle line; then 
drawing a curve about one inch hollow from thence to the 
knuckle of the lower counter, the upper counter will like¬ 
wise be described at the middle line. 
Having the upper and lower counters drawn at the middle 
line, the upper part of the stem-timber is straight above the 
upper counter, and must be drawn as follows: 
Set up 23 feet 8 inches, upon a perpendicular 14 feet abaft 
the aft-side of the wing-transom, as before, and then drawing 
a straight line from the knuckle of the upper counter to 
pass through the said spot, the upper part of the stern- 
timber wil 1 be shewn at the middle line, bv which the rake 
of the stern will be described. 
As the stern rounds two ways, both up and aft, (or for¬ 
ward from the timber already drawn), the stern-timber at the 
side must alter so much from that at the middle line, and 
therefore remains to be represented. Set down from the 
knuckle of the upper counter on its perpendicular 9 inches, 
and draw an horizontal line before it at that place, and set 
off thereon 15 inches from the said perpendicular, which 
will be the knuckle of the upper counter at the side the 
9 inches is the round-up, and the 16 inches the round-aft at 
the upper counter. Then proceed in like manner for the. 
lower counter, by setting down 9 inches, and forward 15 
inches, and knuckle for the lower counter at the side will be 
produced; then, by drawing a curve from the knuckles at the 
side (similar to the curve or hollow at the middle line), ob¬ 
serving the lower counter at the side is drawn to intersect the 
touch of the wing-transom at the side, the side stem-timber 
only wants the upper part to complete it. But as the 
straight line, which remains to be drawn for the upper 
part of the side-timber, should not be parallel to that at the 
middle line, the following method will detennine the exact 
rake thereof. 
Draw a straight line at pleasure, as the ticked line under 
the body-plan, on which set off the breadth of the stern at 
the upper counter, or 13 feet 4 inches, equally on each side 
of the middle line; and there square up a perpendicular on 
each side: set up from the straight line 16 inches, the round- 
aft of the upper counter on each perpendicular, and draw a 
segment of a circle that slrll intersect those spots and the 
straight line at the middle, and the round-aft of the stern 
will be described at any part of the breadth above the upper 
counter: thus, take the breadth of the stern at the top tim¬ 
ber-line, which is 24 feet 8 inches above the wing-transom, 
which is 24 feet, and set it off equally on each side the mid¬ 
dle, to where it shall intersect the round-aft under the body- 
plan ; thence draw a line parallel to that first drawn, and the 
distance between the two lines, 13§ inches, is the distance 
that the side-timber will be from the middle-timber: on an 
horizontal line, at the height of the top timber-line, draw a 
straight line through the last spot set off to intersect the, 
knuckle of the upper counter at the side, and that will be the 
rake of the side counter-timber, as shewn by the ticked lines 
in the sheer-plan. 
The rake of the stern-timbers being determined, proceed 
to 
