140 
SHIP-BUILDING. 
to finish the decks. Set up from the upper side of the upper 
deck 6 feet 10 inches at the middle stem-limber, and 6 feet 
8 inches tore part at frame 8, and above that 3 inches, 
drawing curves as before, and the quarter-deck at the mid 
die line will be represented. 
Proceed in the same manner with the round-house abaft. 
Set up from the upper side of the quarter-deck 6 feet 8 inches 
at the middle stern-timber, and 6 feet 6 inches at fore part or 
frame 24, and above that 2 j inches. The forecastle for¬ 
ward is represented in the same way, by drawing curves, 
one parallel to the upper side of the upper deck 6 feet 7 
inches above it, and another at 3 inches from the beak-head 
to frame D. 
All the decks having been drawn, representing their 
heights at the middle line, their heights at the sides differ 
from the former, agreeable to the round of the beam in the 
breadth of the ship: to do which correctly, take the round¬ 
up of the beam of its respective deck, say the 'gun-deck, 
6 inches, and set it up in the middle of any straight line, so 
that the half-breadth in midships at the height of the gun- 
deck may be set off on each side on the line. Then raise the 
segment of a circle that shall intersect the round-up at the 
middle, with the spots at the breadth, and the round-up of 
the deck will be described at any part of its breadth. Thus, 
take the half-breadth at the height of the deck at any timber 
in the body-plan, and set it off equally from the middle of 
the round-up till it intersects the curve: whence draw a line 
parallel to that first drawn, and the distance between the last 
line to the round-up in the middle is what the beam rounds at 
that place : thus may the round-up be taken at as many tim¬ 
bers as may be found necessary, and set below the under side 
of the deck, at its respective timber in the sheer-plan; then 
a curved line passing through those spots, will represent the 
deck at the side: but observe, that the decks are to have a 
sufficient round abaft, to correspond with the round-up of 
the stern above the lights, and the additional round wanted 
to be set down at the side line. > 
The sheer or top timber-line may be next drawn, by set¬ 
ting up its height in the sheer-plan afore in midships, and 
abaft: thus, at timber X forwards, 37 feet 8 inches; at 0 
in midships, 35 feet 4 inches; and at the side stern-timber 
abaft, 41 feet 6 inches: then, by drawing a curve through 
these spots, the sheer of the ship, or top timber-line, will be 
represented. 
The ports may now be drawn in the sheer-plan, thus: 
draw two curves in pencil parallel to the deck at the side, 
fore and aft, adding the thickness of the deck to that already 
drawn, as that represents the under side of the deck, or 
upper side of the beam. The gun-deck ports are to be 
2 ieet 4 inches from the upper side of the gun-deck plank 
to the upper side of the lower sills, 2 feet 8 inches deep, 
and 3 feet 5 inches fore and aft, or from the fore to the after 
sides, which may now be squared up between the lines last 
drawn; placing the fore-side of the foremost port 1 foot 
5 inches abaft timber X, and 3 feet 1 inch only on athwart- 
ship line; the aft-side of the after-port to be 14 inches 
afore timber 32, and the fore-side 3 feet 5 inches afore it, 
or in the clear ; and the remaining' 13 to be 7 feet 7 inches 
asunder. In the same manner draw in the upper deck ports, 
which are from the plank to the port-sill 1 foot 11 inches, 2 
feet 8 inches deep, and fore and aft 3 feet; and are to be 
placed equally between and over the gun-deck ports, as cir¬ 
cumstances will admit, as shewn in the sheer-plan, Plate I. 
The ports on the quarter-deck, round-house, and fore-castle, 
must be placed hereafter where there is a vacancy between the 
dead eyes to admit of them, observing to place them as nearly 
as possible at equal distances. 
To know the heights, round-up, &c. &c. of the other decks, 
take them with compasses, in like manner, as the gun-deck 
was set off from the given dimensions; and by applying 
them to the scale of feet, much repetition will be avoided. 
The round-house deck being drawn, draw a line parallel 
to the top timber-line, and another line three inches above 
it, which is of the thickness of the plan-sheer, correspond¬ 
ing with the fore-part of the round-house, so as to make both 
plank-sheer and water-way; so will the extreme height of 
the top-side be described abaft: the plank-sheer, which com¬ 
pletes the height of the side to the fore part of the quarter¬ 
deck, is four feet four inches to the under side above the top 
timber-line, and parallel thereto. The fore part abreast the 
main-mast hances down eleven inches for seven feet abalt the 
gangway or fore part of the quarter-deck. 
The drift-rail may now be drawn, the under side of which 
is two feet ten inches above the top timber-line, and parallel, 
thereto from the hance of the plank-sheer at the main-mast 
to the quarter-gallery. The drift-rail is four aind a half inches 
deep, and drawn parallel to the under side last drawn, and 
hances as the plank-sheer abreast the main-mast, and stops 
with a scrool upon the sheer-rail at the gangway. The sheer- 
rail may next be drawn : it is six inches deep, and parallel to 
the top timber-line from the cat-head to the quarter-gallery. 
The plank-sheer and sheer-rail at the fore part of the ship de¬ 
lineate the height of the top-side there: the under-side of 
the plank-sheer is two feet nine inches above the top timber • 
line and the underside of the driit-rail one foot eight inches, 
and turns off with scrolls at the after part of the forecastle, but 
in other respects the same as those at the quarter-deck. 
It is the practice in the navy of late years, to have square 
drifts instead of scrolls or hances of any kind. 
The upper part of the ship being thus far complete, we 
have at one view the utmost extent of the sheer, as seen on 
a plane. 
It now remains to be drawn in the finishing parts, as the 
wales, stern, head, rails, &c. 
Proceed to represent the main wails by setting up their 
lower edge, at the rabbet of the stem or fore part, above the 
upper edge of the keel 22 feet 6 inches, in midship or dead- 
flat 18 feet 8 inches, and at timber 34, 23 feet, and draw the 
curve as in sheer-plan, Plate I. Above that, and parallel 
thereto, draw another curve at 4 feet 4 inches, the breadth of 
the main wales. 
Next draw in the channel wales, set up as before, at the 
rabbet of the stem 30 feet 2 inches, in midships 27 feet 3 
inches, and at timber 34, 31 feet 6 inches. Set up their 
breadth 3 feet, and draw curves as in sheer-plan, Plate 1. 
The waist-rail may be next drawn: its distance below the 
top timber-line is one foot ten inches, the upper side and its 
depth six inches, and it is drawn parallel to the top-timber 
line all fore and aft. 
Now, before the channels and dead-eyes can be drawn, the 
centres and raking of the masts must be determined; their 
centres on the gun-deck being fixed upon in proportion to 
the length of the gun-deck, thus: the centre of the fore-mast 
is 21 feet 4 inches abaft the aft-side of the stem, or half its 
diameter before the one-ninth of the length on the gun-deck: 
the centre of the main-mast 101 feet 4 inches abait the alt- 
side of the stem, or half its diameter abaft the five-ninths of 
the length of the gun-deck <? and the centre of the mizen- 
mast 27 feet before the rabbet of the stern-post, or half its 
diameter before the one-seventh of the length of the gun- 
deck. The centre being fixed, the fore-mast rakes aft (or in¬ 
clines from a perpendicular with the keel) one-eighth of ah 
inch in every yard of its length; the main-mast rakes aft one 
inch in every yard in the length; and the mizen-mast one 
inch and a half in every yard of its length, as drawn in the 
sheer-plan, Plate I. 
Now draw the channels, placing their upper edges next the 
side in a line with the upper edge of the sheer-rail; or, which 
is much better, since the rails on the side are discontinued, 
rather lower down, clear of the seam. The fore channel to 
be 36 feet long, and so placed as to take the anchor-lining and 
bill-board for stowing the anchor at its fore end, thus; get 
the length of the anchor to the bill, or extent of the arm, 
and allow for the cat-block; then with that distance sweep 
upwards from the channel-wale to the channel, from the 
outer end of the cat-head nearly, and the curve that the bill 
of the anchor is supposed to make, will give the middle of 
the lining: the aft-side from the channel may be perpen¬ 
dicular, and the fore part follow the curve made by the 
anchor. 
The 
