SHOE. 
cussus.] Conflict; mutual impression of violence; violent 
concourse. 
Through the shock 
Of fighting elements on all sides round 
Environ’d, wins his way. 
Concussion ; external violence. 
Such is the haughty man, his towering soul, 
’Midst all the shocks and injuries of fortune, 
Rises superior and looks down on Caesar. 
The conflict of enemies. 
The adverse legions, not less hideous join’d 
The horrid shock. 
Offence; impression of disgust.—Fewer shocks a states¬ 
man gives his friend. Young. — [shocke, Teut. strues.] A 
pile of sheaves on corn. 
Behind the master walks, builds up the shocks, 
Feels his heart heave with joy. Thomson. 
[From shag.'] A rough dog.—I would fain know why a 
shock and a hound are not distinct species. Locke. 
To SHOCK, v. a. [Sax. pceacan; Germ, schocken: Fr. 
chocqucr. j To shake by violence; to meet force with force; 
to encounter. 
These her princes are come home again : 
Come the three corners of the world in arms, 
And we will shock them. Shakspeare. 
To offend; to disgust. 
My son, 
1 bade him love, and bid him now forbear: 
If you have any kindness for him, still 
Advise him not to shock a father’s will. Dry den. 
To SHOCK, v. n. To meet with hostile violence. 
And now with shouts the shocking armies clos’d, 
To lances lances, shields to shields oppos’d ; 
Commutual death the fate of war confounds. 
Each adverse battle gor’d with equal wounds. Pope. 
To be offensive.—The French humour, in regard of the 
liberties they take in female conversations, is very shocking 
to the Italians, who are naturally.jealous. Addison. 
To SHOCK, v. 71 . To build up piles of sheaves, 
iteap well, scatter not, gather clean that is shorn. 
Bind fast, shock apace, have an eye to thy corn. Tusser. 
SIIO'CKINGLY, adv. So as to disgust; offensively.— 
It would be shockingly ill-bred in that company; and 
indeed not extremely well bred in any other. La. Chester - 
field. —In my opinion, the shortness of a triennial sifting 
would have the following ill effects; it would make the 
member more shamelessly and shockingly corrupt; it would 
increase his dependence on those who could best support 
him at his election ; it would wrack and tear to pieces the 
fortunes of those who stood upon their own fortunes and 
their private interests; it would make the electors infinitely 
more venal; and it would make the whole body of the 
people who are, whether they have votes or not, concerned 
in elections, more lawless, more idle, more debauched: it 
would utterly destroy the sobriety, the industry, the integrity, 
fhe simplicity of all the people; and undermine, I am much 
afraid, the deepest and best laid foundations of the common-. 
SHOCKLACH CHURCH, a village of England, county 
of Chester; 13£ miles south-by-east of Chester. 
SHOCKLACH OVIAT, a village in the above county; 
1 mile south-by-east of the foregoing. 
SHOD, for shoed, the preterite and participle passive of 
To shoe. —-Strong axle-treed cart that is. douted and shod. 
Tusser. 
■ SHOE, s. plural shoes, anciently shoan. [pco. Sax, 
schu. Germ, skohs, M. Goth. “ adjecto sibilo ad antiquis- 
simo hua, hya, obtegere.” Stiernh. and Serenius. The 
word, therefore, to which Stiernhielmius refers, is properly 
skya, to cover. But Watcher objects to this, as sky a means 
to cover us with a shadow, from the Gr, a shadow; 
Vop. XXIII. No. 1561. 
153 
whereas a shoe is the apparel of the foot, Gr. truevYi, indu¬ 
mentum ; and he thinks that at first the word was fot-sko 
(as hand-schuh then used for a glove,) and afterwards by 
aphaeresis sko. The plural shoon is still used in the north of 
England.] The cover of the foot: of horses as well as men. 
—Your hose should be ungartered, your shoe untied, and 
every thing about you demonstrating a careless desolation. 
Shakspeare. 
Pliny tells us (lib. vii. c. 56.) that one Tychius, of Bceotia, 
was the first who used shoes. 
M. Nilant, in his remarks on Baudoin, observes that he 
quotes Xenophon wrongly, to shew that even in his time they 
still wore shoes of raw skins. 
Xenophon relates, that the ten thousand Greeks, who had 
followed the young Cyrus, wanting shoes in their retreat, were 
forced to cover their feet with raw skins, which occasioned 
them great inconveniences. 
Nilant will not even allow, that the shoes of the country 
people, called carbutince, and peronece, were of crude skin, 
without any preparation. 
The patricians, among the Romans, wore an ivory crescent 
on the ; r shoes: Heliogabalus had his shoes covered over with a 
very white linen, in conformity to the priests of the' sun, for 
whom he professed a very high veneration : this kind of shoe 
was called udo, or odo. Caligula wore shoes enriched 
with precious stones. The Indians, like the Egyptians, wore 
shoes made of the bark of the papyrus. 
A patent for making shoes, by rivetting instead of sew- 
ing was taken out in 1809 by Mr. David Mead Randolf, an 
American. The last which is used for this method, has the 
lower part or sole covered with a plate of iron or steel, about 
the same thickness as a stout sole leather. The making of 
the shoe is conducted in the usual manner, until it is ready for 
putting on the last. To do this, the inner sole is put upon 
the iron sole of the last; then the upper leathers are put 
upon the opposite part, and the edges of the leather are 
turned down over the edges of the inner sole: the outer sole 
is then applied over the turning down, and fastened in a tem¬ 
porary manner upon the last. Now, to unite the two soles to 
the upper-leathers, holes are pierced all round the edges of 
the sole, and small nails are driven in, which are of sufficient 
length to penetrate through the sole and the turning-in of the 
upper-leathers, and also through the inner sole, so as to reach 
the metal face of the last, and being forcibly driven, their 
points will be turned by the iron, so as to clench withinside, 
or rivet through the leather, and serve instead of the sewing 
or stitching commonly employed to unite the sole to the uppers 
leathers. 
Mr. Brunei has invented machines for making shoes. He 
has established at Battersea an extensive manufactory of 
shoes, chiefly intended to supply the army, where all the 
operations are performed by the aid of machines, which act 
with such facility, that they can be managed by the invalid 
soldiers of Chelsea Hospital, who are the only workmen em¬ 
ployed, the most of them disabled by wofinds, or the loss of 
their legs, from any other employment. 
The shoes made by these machines are different from the 
common shoes, in the circumstance of the sole being united 
to the upper-leathers by a number of small rivets instead of 
sewing, in the same manner as those we have mentioned, 
of Randolf’s The leather is cut out by stamps, and 
is hardened by passing it between rollers, to produce the 
same effect as hammering does in the ordinary method of 
shoe-making, and all the other processes are subjected to 
the operations of machinery. 
To SHOE, v. a. preterite I shod; participle passive shod,. 
To fit the foot with a shoe: used commonly of horses.—He 
doth nothing but talk of his horse; and makes it a great ap¬ 
propriation to his own good parts, that he can shoe hirr\ 
himself, Shakspeare. —To cover the bottom. 
The wheel compos’d, of crickets’ bones. 
And daintly made for the nonce. 
For fear of rattling on the stones. 
With thistle down they shod it. Drayton. 
2R SHOE, 
Milton. 
Addison. 
Milton. 
