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SO'DDEN. [from seethe; sieden. Germ. See To 
Seethe. It is written soilyn or sothyn in the Promp. 
Parv.] Used in the past tense active; boiled.—The hands 
of the pitiful women have sodden their own children; 
they were their meat in the destruation of the daughter 
of my people Lament. — The participle passive of 
seethe ; boiled ; seethed. — Thou sodden- witted lord ; 
thou hast no more brain than I have in my elbows. Shak- 
spcare. 
SODDOMA (II), the cognomen of Giovanni Antonio 
Razzi, a native of Uercelli, in Piedmont, bom about the 
year 1479. He was instructed in painting by Giacomo 
dalle Fonte; but his chief object of study was the style of 
L. da Vinci. He was employed by Julius II. to paint the 
chambers of the Vatican; but the charms of Raphael’s first 
productions in that palace were the signal for the obliteration 
of all other works there : among them II Soddoma’s. Other 
pictures, which he painted for Agostino Ghigi in the Farne- 
sina, were more fortunate, and yet remain. Their subjects 
are taken from the history of Alexander the Great, and 
though inferior to tiie works of Lionardo, yet they exhibit 
very considerable talent, many beauties of perspective, and 
much playful imagery. 
After he left Rome, he had considerable employment at 
Sienna, and there his best productions are to be found, in 
which he has combined the excellent qualities of the best 
artists of his day. He died in 1554. 
SO'DDY, adj. Turfy; full of sods. Cotgrave and Sher¬ 
wood. 
SODEN, a town of Bavarian Franconia. Population 
1000 . 
SODEN, a small town of the west of Germany, in the 
duchy of Nassau, with manufactures of salt; 20 miles west- 
north-west of Frankfort-on-the-Maine. 
To SO'DER, v. a. [souder, French ; souderen, Dutch. 
It is generally written solder, from sold are, Ital. solulare, 
Latin; and sometimes, improperly, sodden.] To cement 
with some metallic matter.—Let him bethink—how he will 
sodder up the shifting flaws of his ungirt permissions. 
Milton. 
SO'DER, s. Metallic cement.—Still the difficulty returns, 
how these hooks were made: what is it that fastens this 
soder, and links these first principles of bodies into a chain ? 
Collier. 
SODER, a village of Germany, in Hanover, remarkable 
for its castle. 
SODERAH, a town of Hindostan, province of Lahore, 
situated on the eastern side of the Chinaub river. It be¬ 
longs to the Seiks. Lat. 32. 27. N. long. 73. 30. E. 
SODERFORS, a small town or Middle Sweden, in 
Sudermania, government of Upsal. Here is a forge for 
anchors, one of the finest establishments of the kind in 
Europe, in which are employed about 600 workmen. 
SODERHAM, a town of Sweden, on the gulf of Bothnia. 
It has manufactures of linen and iron ; also an export trade 
in timber and flax. Population 2000; 20 miles north of 
Gefle. Lat. 61. 17. 47. N. long. 17. 0. 30. E. 
SODERTELGE, a small town of Middle Sweden, in the 
province of Sudermania; 16 miles west-south-west of Stock¬ 
holm. It stands on a point of land surrounded by hills, 
between the Baltic and the Malar lake, which are here 
joined by a canal. Population 1000. Lat. 59. 12. 30. N. 
long. 17. 39. E. 
SODIUM. See Mineralogy. 
SODUS, a post township of the United States, in Ontario 
county. New York, on Great Sodus bay, and south side of 
Lake Ontario. Population 1557; 212 miles west of 
Albany. 
SODUS BAY, Great, a bay on the south side of Lake 
Ontario; 4 miles across, and 2 deep. The entrance to it is 
narrow, being formed by two projecting points; that on 
the westward is high, and near to it is the deepest water. 
A sandy bar stretches across the mouth of the bay, on 
which there is generally six feet water, but under the west¬ 
ern point seven and eight; within it there are several 
fathoms. On the eastern side there is a small island. This 
place forms a very good station for building vessels, and is 
accounted the best harbour on the side of the lake; 16 miles 
west of Oswego. Little Sodus bay is 12 miles east of Great 
Sodus. 
SOE, s. [written also so and soa; Scottish, sae; Su. 
Goth, saa ; old Fr. seau, a bucket or water-pail.] A large 
wooden vessel with hoops for holding water ; a cowl.— 
A pump grown dry will yield no water ; but pouring a little 
into it at first, for one bason full you may fetch up as many 
soe-fulls. More. 
SOEST, or Zoest (Gerard), was a native of Westphalia,' 
born about the year 1637. He acquired the art of painting 
in his own country, but practised principally in this, whi¬ 
ther he came rather before the period of the restoration. His 
portraits have a considerable portion of truth and animation, 
wrought in a finished manner, and with great warmth and 
glow of colour; so much so as to class him among the 
better rivals of Sir Peter Lely. He was most successful in his 
portraits of men, among whom he had a very considerable 
share'of employment; but the more graceful and engaging 
pencil of Sir Peter secured the charms of the softer sex to 
himself. Soest died at the early age of 44. 
SOEST, a town of Prussian Westphalia, in the govern¬ 
ment of Arensberg; 33 miles south-east of Munster. It was 
formerly a Hanse town, and retained the privileges of an 
imperial town, down to the middle of last century. It is sur¬ 
rounded with a wall, contains 5400 inhabitants, eight Pro¬ 
testant and three Catholic churches, a central school, and 
several convents and monasteries. Its manufactures are still 
considerable, consisting chiefly of woollens, stockings, hats, 
and leather. Lat. 51. 34. 51. N. long. 8. 6. 20. E. 
SOE'VER, adv. A word properly joined with a pro¬ 
noun or adverb, as, whosoever; whatsoever; howsoever. 
What love soever by an heir is shown, 
Or you could ne’er suspect my loyal love. Dry den. 
SO'FA, s. [An eastern word.] A splendid seat co¬ 
vered with carpets.—The king leaped off from the sofa 
on which he sat, and cried out, ’Tis my Abdallah ! Guar¬ 
dian. 
The Sofa, in the East, is a kind of alcove raised half a 
foot above the floor of a chamber, or other apartment; and 
used as a place of state, where visitors of distinction are 
received. 
Among the Turks, the whole floor of their state-room is 
covered with a kind of tapestry, and on the window-side is 
raised a sofa or sopha, laid with a kind of mattrass, covered 
with a carpet much richer than the other. On this carpet 
the Turks are seated, both men and women, like the tailors 
in England, cross-legged, leaning against the wall, which 
is bolstered with velvet, satin, or other stuff, suitable to the 
season. Here they eat their meals; only laying a skin over 
the carpet, to serve as a table-cloth, and a round wooden 
board over all, covered with plates, &c. 
SOFALA, a country and city of Eastern Africa, situated 
at the mouth of a considerable river of the same name. At 
the time of the first arrival of the Portuguese, it was a place 
of great commercial importance, being the emporium of thq 
gold and ivory brought in large quantities from the interior, 
down the great river Cuama or Zambeze. Since Mosam- 
bique became the capital of the Portuguese settlements, the 
fort of Quilimane has been the channel by which this trade 
is conducted, and Sofala has sunk into comparative unim¬ 
portance. The town is said to be no better than a village, 
composed chiefly of huts. The Portuguese, however, still 
maintain here a fort, which holds the supremacy over those 
of Inhambane and Corrientes, the most southerly possessed 
by this nation on the eastern coast of Africa. An annual 
vessel comes from Mosambique, bringing coarse cottons and 
other articles suited to the taste of the natives, and exporting 
gold ivory, and slaves. The river empties itself into a bay, 
the navigation of which is very dangerous, in consequence 
of the numerous shoals with which it is filled. They appear 
to have perceptibly increased, since this coast was first 
visited 
