373 
SOUTH A 
You soroterh) knaves, shew ye all your manners at once ? 
Like well to L//re.—The burden-bearing porter, souterly 
cobbler, and toilful labourer. Florio. 
SO'UTERRAIN, s. [souterrain , Fr.] A grotto or ca¬ 
vern in the ground. Not English. —Defences against ex¬ 
tremities of heat, as shade, grottoes, or souterrains, are 
necessary preservatives of health. Arbuthnot. 
SOUTERRAINE, a town of France, department of La 
Creuse, with 2900 inhabitants. It has some manufactures of 
linen and hemp ; 19 miles north-west of Gueret. 
SOUTH, s. [ju<5, Saxon; suyd, Dutch; sud, Fr.] The 
part where the sun is to us at noon: opposed to north .— 
East and west have no certain points of heaven, but north 
and south are fixed; and seldom the far southern people have 
invaded the northern, but contrariwise. Bacon. —The 
southern regions of the globe. 
From the north to call 
Decrepit winter, from the south to bring 
Solstitial summer's heat. Milton. 
The wind that blows from the south. 
All the contagion of the south light on you, 
You shames of Rome, you. Shakspeare. 
SOUTH, adj. Southern; meridional. 
Meanwhile the south wind rose, and with black wings 
Wide hovering, all the clouds together drove. Milton. 
SOUTH, adv. Towards the south. 
His regiment lies half a mile 
South from the mighty power of the king. Shalcspeare. 
From the south.—Such fruits as you appoint for long 
keeping, gather in a fair and dry day, and when the wind 
blowetb not south. Bacon. 
SOUTH (Robert), a divine of the church of England, 
eminent for learning, talents, and wit, was the son of a 
London merchant, and was born at Hackney in 1633. He 
was educated at Westminster School by the celebrated Busby 
from whence he was elected to Christchurch, Oxford. Here 
he was soon distinguished for his classical attainments, of 
which one of the products was an elegant Latin poem 
addressed to Oliver Cromwell, on the conclusion of the 
Dutch war. Another poem of his, which was much read 
and applauded, was entitled “ Musica Incantans,” which 
was afterwards printed separately, at Dr. Fell’s request. In 
1657 he commenced M. A., and in the following year he 
received holy orders from one of the deprived bishops, and 
being soon after chosen to preach the assize sermon before 
the judges, he made a violent attack upon the Independents, 
which ingratiated him with the Presbyterians. Soon after 
the Restoration, he was chosen public orator of the university. 
In this office he acquitted himself so much to the satisfaction 
of Lord Clarendon, when complimenting him at his investi¬ 
ture as chancellor of the university, that he was taken under 
the protection of that eminent man, and appointed his do¬ 
mestic chaplain. He was promoted to a prebend of Westmin¬ 
ster in 1663, and was in the same year admitted to the 
degree of D. D. He soon succeeded to a canonry of Christ¬ 
church, and in 1673, he attended as chaplain to the younger 
son of the Earl of Clarendon, in an embassy to Poland. On 
his return he was presented to the rectory of Islip, in 
Oxfordshire, and became greatly distinguished by his turn 
for humorous sarcasm, in which he indulged even in the 
pulpit. During the reign of Charles II., Dr. South was a 
strenuous asserter of the royal prerogative, as he was also 
during the following reign, though he was fully sensible of 
the dangers to which the established religion was exposed 
under James II. He nevertheless refused to join in an invita¬ 
tion to the Prince of Orange to come to its rescue ; and after 
the arrival of that prince, he declined subscription to the 
association for his support which was signed by the vice- 
ehancellor, and several heads of colleges in Oxford. When 
William was seated on the throne he did not scruple taking 
the oath of allegiance to the new government, but he is said 
to have rejected the offer of some persons in power to place 
Vol. XX1IJ. No. 1577. 
IERICA. 
him in one of the sees vacated by the nonjuring bishops. 
His political conduct continued the same: he was a violent 
enemy to toleration, and to any concessions for conciliating 
the separatists. In 1693, he engaged in the controversy re¬ 
specting the doctrine of the Trinity with Dr. Sherlock, and is 
said to have displayed as great a want of Christian charity, as 
abundance of learning and orthodox zeal. He now began to 
decline in health ; and though his mind was active, yet his 
bodily powers failed him, and he passed the greater part of 
Queen Anne’s reign in a state of inaction; but on Sache- 
verel's trial, he exerted himself vigorously to procure a lenient 
sentence from the judges. When his friends came into power 
towards the close of that reign, he was solicited to accept the 
bishopric of Rochester and deanery of Westminster, but he 
replied, such a chair would be too uneasy for an old infirm 
man to sit in. The queen’s decease was considered by him 
as a signal of his own approaching dissolution/* since, ” he 
said, “ that all that was good and gracious, and the very 
breath of his nostrils, had made its departure to the regions 
of bliss and eternal happiness.” He died in July, 1716, at the 
age of 83, and was interred with much solemnity in West¬ 
minster Abbey. 
Dr. South cannot be regarded as a proper pattern of a 
Christian minister, the follower of the meek and holy Jesus; 
though his sincerity as' a true believer of the doctrines of re¬ 
vealed religion has never been doubted. His temper was 
harsh and unamiable, irascible and unforgiving, and his tal¬ 
ents for wit and humour led him too frequently to indulge 
in ill-natured sarcasm. His talents were considerable, and 
he is usually reckoned among the good writers of the 
time, though he frequently manifested a want of taste in not 
adapting his wit to subjects suited to it. He is author of 
Sermons, in six volumes, which have passed through many 
editions. After his decease there appeared his “ Opera 
Posthuma Latina,” and his English posthumous works, 
which consisted of three additional sermons; Travels into 
Poland, and Memoirs of his Life, in 2 vols. 8vo. Biog. 
Brit. 
SOUTH AMERICA, is a vast continent of an irregularly 
oblong form, which divides the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. 
It is united with North America by the Isthmus of Darien. 
The mountains of the Andes run about north and south 
through the whole of its extent, and they are, consequently, 
nearly parallel to the two shores of the Pacific and the 
Atlantic Oceans, dividing the country between into two 
equal parts, each bounded by an ocean and by the Cor¬ 
dillera. It would, at first, be expected, that these twin coun¬ 
tries, separated only by a range of mountains, should bear a 
great resemblance to each other: but variety is the attribute 
of Omnipotence, and nature has granted to these two coun¬ 
tries a difference of climate and geological construction, 
which is very remarkable. 
From the tops of the Andes, she supplies both of them 
with water; by the gradual melting of the snow, they are 
both irrigated exactly in proportion to their wants; and 
vegetation, instead of being exhausted by the burning sun of 
summer, is thus nourished and supported by the heat which 
threatened to destroy it. The water, however, which flows 
from Chili towards the Pacific, is confined in its whole 
course, and forces its way through a country as mountainous 
as the highlands of Scotland or Switzerland. 
At present. South America is divided into the republics of 
Columbia, Chili, Peru, the united provinces of Buenos Ayres, 
the empire of Brazil, and the province of Paraguay, besides 
some other parls, of which the exact destination is not settled. 
Under the words Quito, Peru, Venezuela, Brazil, &c., the 
general situation and natural features of South America, as 
well as its history, have been fully dwelt upon. It remains, 
therefore, in this place, only to give a brief but connected 
account of the recent events that have occurred, and intro¬ 
duce such remarks of an interesting nature as modern tra¬ 
vellers have left. 
The causes that led to the revolution of South America, 
are tolerably well known. The tyranny and oppression of 
the court of Spain has been so much experienced, even in 
5 C Europe, 
