386 
SOU 
arried on at different docks near the town. During the last 
war, contracts for biscuits for the navy, and bread and 
clothing for the army, were executed to a considerable 
extent. Near the west quay, and farther towards the channel, 
are convenient baths; and several bathing machines have 
been set up at the crosshouse nearltchin ferry. A chalybeate 
spring, which rises about 100 yards to the westwards of Bar- 
gate, is in some repute for its medicinal qualities. Besides the 
amusements of the theatre and assemblies, here are annual races, 
an annual sailing match, circulating libraries, and a public 
garden. According to its last charter of incorporation, granted 
by Charles I., Southampton is governed by a mayor, a re¬ 
corder, 9 justices, a sheriff, 2 bailiffs, 24 common council- 
men, and as many burgesses. All who have passed the chair 
are aldermen. The town, which was made a borough by 
Henry II., is also a county within itself, and as such is inde¬ 
pendent of the lord lieutenant and sheriff of Hampshire. The 
mayor is admiral of the liberties from Southsea castle to Hurst 
castle, and half-sea over from Calshotto the Isle of Wight. 
Southampton sends two members to parliament. The first 
return was made in the 23d of Edward I. The number of 
voters is about 700, consisting of the burgesses, and such of 
the inhabitants as pay scot and lot. Several royal burgesses 
have been enrolled in this corporation, among whom are the 
late king and his present Majesty. The origin and name of 
Southampton have occasioned much discussion. The name 
is written Hanton or Hantune in the Doomsday book, and 
is supposed to be derived from the river Ant or Anton. The 
Romans had a settlement at Bittern, about a mile and a half 
from Southampton, named Clausenham. The present town 
arose after that was abandoned. Hampton must have been 
a place of consequence under the Anglo-Saxons, as it gave 
a name to the whole county. From the year 873, Hanton was 
subject to frequent ravages by the Danes, until the accession 
of king Canute, who put an end to these invasions. This 
monarch appears to have occasionally resided at Southampton; 
and it was here that the incident happened which is recorded 
of him, when he ordered his chair to be set on the sea shore, 
and attempted to control the waves. During the thirteenth 
century a considerable trade was carried on between this port 
and France, and this continued till the rupture with France 
in 1338. In 1345, the army which afterwards fought at the 
battle of Cressy, was embarked here, as was also the army 
which, in 1415, fought under Henry V. at Agincourt. The 
trade of the town appears again to have flourished in the reign 
of Henry VI. Camden, who wrote in the reign of Elizabeth, 
says, that in his time the town was famous for the number 
and beauty of its buildings, its affluent inhabitants, and the 
resort of numerous merchants. After this, however, it appears 
to have declined, as Gibson, in the year 1695, in his edition 
of Camden, describes it as going fast to decay. Since that 
time, however, trade has again revived, and the town has 
gradually risen to its present consideration. Population 
of the county 282,203. Markets on Tuesday, Thursday, 
and Saturday, well supplied with excellent fish and other 
provisions. There are two annual fairs, the principal of 
which is Trinity; 12 miles south-south-west of Winchester, 
and 75 west-south west of London. Lat. 50. 54. N. long. 1. 
24. W. 
SOUTHAMPTON, a township of the United States, in 
Rockingham county, New Hampshire. Population 427. 
SOUTHAMPTON, a township of the United States, in 
Hampshire county, Massachusetts, which contains a lead 
mine ; 93 miles west of Boston. 
SOUTHAMPTON, a post township of the United States 
in Suffolk county. New York, on the south side' of Long 
Island; 100 miles east of New York. Population 3899. 
SOUTHAMPTON, a township of the United States, in 
Cumberland county, Pennsylvania. Population 700. 
SOUTHAMPTON, a township of the United States, in 
Franklin county, Pennsylvania. Population 1060. 
SOUTHAMPTON, a township of the United States, in 
Bedford county, Pennsylvania. Population 932. 
SOUTHAMPTON, a township of the United States, in 
Somerset county, Pennsylvania. Population 455. 
is o u 
SOUTHAMPTON, a township of the United States, in 
Bucks county, Pennsylvania. Population 739. 
SOUTHAMPTON, a county of the United States, in the 
south-east part of Virginia, bounded north-west by Sussex 
and Surrey counties, east by Isle of Wight and Nansemond 
counties, south by North Carolina, and south-west by Greeds- 
ville county. Population 13,497, including 6406 slaves. 
Jerusalem is the chief town. 
SOUTHBOROUGH, a hamlet of England, in Kent; 2^ 
miles south-by-west of Tunbridge. 
SOUTHBOROUGH, a post township of the United States 
in Worcester county, Massachusetts; 28 miles west of Boston. 
Population 946. 
SOUTHBURY, a post township of the United States, in 
Worcester county, Massachusetts; 28 miles west of Boston. 
Population 946. 
SOUTHBURY, a post township of the United States, in 
New Haven county, Connecticut; 22 miles north-west of New 
Haven. Population 1413. 
SOUTHCHURCH, a parish of England, in Essex, half a 
mile from Southend. 
SOUTIICOATS, a township of England, East Riding of 
Yorkshire; If mile north-east of Kingston-upon-Hull. 
SOUTHDEAN, a parish of Scotland, in Roxburghshire; 
12 miles long and 7 broad, on the bank of the Jed. Popu¬ 
lation 804. 
SOUTHEASE, a parish of England, in Sussex; 3f miles 
south-by-east of Lewes. 
SOUTHEAST, s. The point between the east and south; 
the point of winter sunrise.—The planting of trees warm 
upon a wall against the south, or southeast sun, doth hasten 
their ripening. Bacon. 
SOUTH-EAST, a post township of the United States, in 
Putnam county, New York. Population 1887. 
SOUTH-EAST-BAY, a bay of the south-east extremity of 
Tavai Poenammoo. Lat. 46. 45. S long. 191. 20. W. 
SOUTH-EAST ISLANDS, a group forming part of Re¬ 
cherche archipelago, on the south coast of New Holland. Lat. 
33. 53. S. 
SOUTTIELMHAM, the name of six parishes in England, 
in the county of Suffolk, lying between Halesworth and Bun¬ 
gay, about 106 miles from London. Their names and po¬ 
pulation are, St. James’s Southelmham, 264; St. Margaret’s, 
191; St. Cross, 214; St. Nicholas, 97; St. Peter’s, 131; and 
St. Michael’s, 112. 
SOUTHEND, a parish of Scotland, in Argyleshire, about 
10 miles long, by 5 broad. Population 1869. 
SOUTHEND, a hamlet of England, in the county of 
Essex, situated at the mouth of the Thames, nearly opposite 
Sheerness. Until within the last 20 years, this village was 
but little known; but since that time it has obtained consi¬ 
derable repute for sea-bathing. Some respectable and elegant 
lodging-houses have been erected for the accommodation of 
the visitors, and also an assembly-room, a theatre, and library. 
The water is accounted sufficiently salt; and besides bathing- 
machines, there are two warm baths. The view of the Thames, 
and of the continual passing and repassing of vessels, forms 
an agreeable prospect from the town. At a small distance 
from Southend, a stone is placed, to mark the boundary of 
the jurisdiction of the corporation of London over the river 
Thames on the east. Southend is in the parish of Prittlewell 
with which its population is returned. The village of Prittle¬ 
well stands on the declivity of a hill, on the top of which is 
the parish church, a large and respectable building, the 
tower of which serves as a landmark to vessels entering the 
Thames. 
SOUTHEND, Eltham and Lewisham, two small vil¬ 
lages of England in Kent, situated on the river Ravensbourne; 
10 miles south-east of London. 
SOUTHEND, a hamlet of England, in Gloucestershire; 2 
miles from Chipping Sodbury. 
SOUTHERAY, a parish of England, in Norfolk; 6j miles 
from Market Downham. Population 536. 
SO'UTFIERLY, adj. Belonging to any of the points 
denominated from the south; not absolutely southern.— 
Lying 
