388 SOUTH 
Borough, and, together with the adjacent parishes, with 
which it is united by a continued range of buildings, con¬ 
stitutes that great division of the metropolis which lies to the 
south of the Thames. The borough extends about If mile 
from east to west, and about 1 mile from north to south, 
the whole of the included area being now covered with 
houses, public buildings, and streets; while the bank of the 
river is occupied with warehouses, timber and coal-yards, 
glass-houses, manufactories, &c. On the east it is bounded 
by the parish of Rotherhithe, on the south by Newington 
Butts, and on the west by Lambeth. Southwark contains 
many good streets. The principal, called the Borough 
High-street, extends from London Bridge southwards, and is 
prolonged into Blackman-street, &c.; and from this, numer¬ 
ous others branch off to the east and west, such as Tooley- 
street, St. Olave’s, &c. The principal public buildings are 
the churches, hospitals, prisons, &c.; these, and other 
objects worthy of attention, will be noticed in the order of 
the parishes, which are five in number, viz., St. Olave, part 
of which is in the city of London ; St. John, Horselydown; 
St. Saviour, commonly called St. Mary Overy’s; St. 
Thomas; and Christ Church. St. Olave’s church is situated 
in Tooley-street, near the south end of London Bridge. The 
original building is mentioned so early as the year 1281 ; 
but the date of its erection is unknown. Part of this church 
having fallen down in 1736, the present structure was raised 
in its stead, and finished in 1740. It is a plain building ; 
the interior is neat, and in the west gallery is a handsome 
organ. On the north side of Tooley-street, next to the 
Thames, is a building termed the Bridge-house, which seems 
to be coeval with London Bridge, having been used as a 
store-house, for stone, timber, and other materials used in its 
repair. At this house was also the public granary for times 
of scarcity, the city brew-house, and ovens to bake bread 
for the poor. It is still under the superintendance of officers 
called Bridge-masters, who are appointed by the city. Below 
the Bridge-house, on the banks of the Thames, stood the inn 
of the abbot of Battle, the site of which is still called 
Battle Bridge. In front of this mansion were the gardens 
belonging to it, which, from their intricate embellishments, 
were called the Maze, a name the place still retains. By a 
charter of Queen Elizabeth, a free grammar school was 
founded in this parish, which purchased lands and revenues 
for its endowment. It is now under the management of 16 
trustees or governors, incorporated for the purpose; and the 
scholars, of whom there are 250 on the foundation, receive 
a liberal education from a head master and three assistants. 
Here is also a charity school. Eastward of St. Olave’s is the 
Parish of St. John, Horselydown, having been originally a 
grazing ground for horses. The church is one of the 50 
ordered by act of parliament to be built in the metropolis. 
It was finished in 1732, when this district was separated 
from St. Olave’s, and constituted a distinct parish. St. 
Thomas’s church stands on the south side of the street of the 
same name. It was annexed to St. Thomas’s Hospital, and 
included with that foundation in the grant made by Edward 
VI. to the city of London. Being old and ruinous, this 
church was taken down, and rebuilt in 1702, when it was 
made parochial, and a chapel erected within the hospital, 
for the use of the patients.—St. Thomas’s Hospital is a noble 
charity, appropriated to the reception of indigent persons 
labouring under sickness or accidental injuries. It is situated 
on the east side of the Borough High-street, not far from 
London Bridge. The building consists of four quadrangles, 
into the first of which, facing the street, is the entrance by 
large iron gates, which occupy one side of the square. The 
other three sides are encompassed with a colonade. The 
building on. the north was erected by Thomas Frederick, 
Esq ; and that on the south at the expense of Thomas Guy, 
Esq. in 1737 ; both of whom were governors of the insti¬ 
tution. The centre of the principal front is of stone, and 
looks towards the street. A spacious passage leads down a 
flight of steps into the second court, which is by far the 
most elegant. The north side is occupied by the chapel, 
adorned with lofty Corinthian pilasters; and the other three 
WARE. 
sides are surrounded by a colonade, above which the fronts 
of the wards are ornamented with Ionic pilasters. In the 
centre is a good brass statue of Edward VI. by Scheemakers, 
The buildings of the third court are older than the others, 
and are entirely encompassed with a piazza, above which 
rise slender Ionic pilasters, with very small capitals. In the 
centre is a stone statue of Sir Robert Clayton, Lord Mayor, 
and a benefactor of the hospital. The fourth quadrangle is 
partly occupied with hot and cold baths, a surgery, theatre, 
apothecary’s shop, brewhouse, and other offices The 
whole establishment contains 19 wards, and 474 beds; and 
since its foundation, this excellent institution has afforded 
relief to an immense number of patients. The annual num¬ 
ber of patients may be estimated at 9000, and the expendi¬ 
ture at 10,000/.; and though no estates appear to have been 
originally annexed to it, the bounty of the corporation, and 
other benefactions, have contributed such a fund as to ensure 
the permanence of the establishment. The original founda¬ 
tion of this hospital was owing to the destruction, by fire, 
of the priory of St. Mary Overy, in 1207, on which the 
monks erected a temporary habitation, which, on their 
removal to the new convent, was pulled down in 1215, by 
Peter de Rupibus, bishop of Winchester, who founded in 
its stead an hospital dedicated to St. Thomas, which being 
an appurtenance of the manor of Southwark, purchased in 
1551, of king Edward VI. by the corporation of the city of 
London, was immediately repaired and enlarged by the city, 
at an expense of 1100/., and appropriated to the reception' 
of poor, sick, and maimed persons. In 1553, the king 
incorporated a society for its government, in common with 
St. Bartholomew’s, Bridewell, Bethlem, and Christ Church 
Hospitals. The revenues of the establishment sustained great 
injury by the fire of London in 1666, and by three subse¬ 
quent fires in Southwark in 1676, 1681, and 1689. The 
building itself having also become old and ruinous, a sub¬ 
scription was set on foot in 1699, by the governors, for 
rebuilding it on a more extensive and commodious plan. 
From this source funds were soon obtained for erecting the 
new hospital, which consisted of three quadrangles; and 
the fourth was added in 1723, at the expense of the institu¬ 
tion itself. Near St. Thomas’s is the kindred institution of 
Guy’s Hospital, a great and singular monument of private 
munificence. It is named after its founder, Thomas Guy, 
a citizen and bookseller of London, who, by industry and 
frugality, amassed a very large fortune, which he deter¬ 
mined, when he arrived at his 76th year, to apply to this 
benevolent purpose. He accordingly took from the go¬ 
vernors of St. Thomas’s Hospital, a lease of a piece of land 
opposite to that edifice, for 999 years, at 30/. per annum. 
This spot was covered with small houses, which were re¬ 
moved in the following spring; and before the death of the 
founder, in December, 1724, the building was roofed in. 
The expense of erecting and furnishing the hospital, amounted 
to 1873/.; and Mr. Guy, by his will, endowed it with the 
unappropriated residue of his estate, which amounted to 
219,499/. After his decease, his executors obtained an act 
of parliament, investing the management of the charity in 
a corporation of 60 governors. Being situated in a narrow 
street, the building cannot be seen to advantage. The en¬ 
trance is by an iron gate opening into a square, in the 
middle of which is a brass statue of the founder in his livery 
gown, by Scheemakers. The buildings consist of a centre 
and two wings; the latter of which were erected after the 
decease of the founder, in an additional piece of ground, 
obtained on lease from St. Thomas’s hospital. The former 
is for the reception of patients; and behind it is a small neat 
building for lunatics. In the centre of one wing is a spacious 
hall and rooms for public business, and in the other a neat 
chapel, in which is a finely executed statue of the founder, 
by Bacon. The wings contain the houses of the principal 
officers; besides which there is a theatre for medical lectures, 
a library well furnished with professional books, and a 
collection of anatomical preparations. The whole compre¬ 
hends 13 wards, and 411 beds. The out patients of this 
institution are also very numerous.—St. Saviour’s church, 
commonly 
