SPA 
SPA 
yellow, with a golden line on each side near them.—It in¬ 
habits the Mediterranean, and along the coasts of Arabia. 
The body is broad, and covered with broad entire scales ; 
there are seventeen longitudinal brownish stripes on each 
side; the flesh is reckoned pleasant. 
23. Sparus synagris.—The tail is bifid, red ; the body is 
purplish, with seven gold lines on each side.—It inhabits 
South America. 
24. Sparus rhomboides.—The tail is entire; the back is 
caniculate; the body with yellow lines.—It inhabits Ame¬ 
rica, and is there called the salt-water bream. The teeth are 
obtuse ; between the roots of the pectoral and dorsal fins a 
black spot; the ventral, anal, and caudal fins are tawny. 
25. Sparus latus.—Yellowish; the head is silvery; the 
scales longitudinally imbricate.—It inhabits about the coasts 
of Japan ; is three inches long, and one and a half broad. 
26. Sparus virgatus.—The tad is forked ; the body is de¬ 
pressed, oblong, striped with scales.—This is found on the 
coast of Japan. 
27. Sparus haffara.—Silvery, with fourteen obsolete yel¬ 
lowish-brown lines on each side ; the tail is bifid.—It in¬ 
habits the muddy shores of Arabia; is about a span long; 
and the flesh is reckoned good. 
28. Sparus berda.—Whitish-ash ; lateral scales with each 
a transverse brown band in the middle; the dorsal spines 
are recumbent.—It is found in the Red Sea. The body is 
oval; the back is gibbous, with obsolete bands; beneath it 
is white ; the scales are broad, round and entire. 
29. Sparus Chilensis.—The tail is bifid; the body is 
marked with transverse brown lines on each side.—It inha¬ 
bits, as its specific name denotes. Chili, in South America. 
It grows to full six feet long; in shape it is oval, depressed, 
coated with large rhotnboidal margaritaceous scales, spotted 
with white; the flesh is good. 
IV.—Various. 
30. Sparus chrysops.—The tail is semi-lunar; the back 
is grooved; the iris is golden.—It inhabits Carolina. The 
body is blueish. 
31. Sparus argyrops.—Tail semi-lunar; the back is 
grooved ; iris is silvery.—It inhabits Jamaica and Carolina. 
It resembles the last. The three first rays of the dorsal fin 
end in a long bristle. 
32. Sparus dentex.—The tail is bifid; the body is varie¬ 
gated ; four of the teeth are larger.—It inhabits many parts 
of Europe, and the Cape of Good Hope. 
33. Sparus spinus.—Tail bifid; dorsal spine recumbent. 
—It inhabits South America and India. The body is appa¬ 
rently painted with blue recurved blotches. 
34. Sparus radiatus, or pudding-fish.—The tail is entire ; 
lateral line composed of linear scales, divided into three bifid 
branches.—This is found on the coast of Carolina. Above 
it is a green purple at the sides; beneath rufous; head 
varied with blue, yellow and green streaks. 
35. Sparus Virginicus.—The tail is bifid ; the body with 
two black transverse bands, and numerous longitudinal lines. 
—It inhabits North America. 
36. Sparus mormyrus.—The tail of this species is bifid ; 
body with numerous silvery and black bands.—It- inhabits 
Tuscany. 
37. Saprus Capistratus.—The tail of this is entire; the 
body is reticulate witli white.—It inhabits America. Body 
oblong; scales loosely imbricate, with a white band bent 
into a right angle before the edge. 
38. Sparus Galilaeus.—The tail entire; body above is 
greenish, beneath white.—It inhabits the lake Genezareth, in 
Galilee. 
39. .Sparus fucescehs.—Brownish ; scales golden ; near 
the pectoral fins a black spot.—It inhabits Japan, and is 
about four inches long. 
40. Sparus niger, or toothed gilt-head.—The back is 
black; the sides brighter; belly silvery.—This is found on 
the coasts of Yorkshire. It is described in Pennant’s British 
Zoology. The body is twenty-six inches long, and ten 
Vol. XXIII. No. 1583. 
457 
broad; eyes large; teeth in the lower jaw slender, sharp, 
and on each side a slender canine tooth, in the upper jaw a 
single row; the first seven rays of the dorsal fin high, the 
rest low; this fin and the anal covered with imbricate scales. 
SPARUS, among the Romans, a kind of rustic weapon, 
bent backwards like the foot. It was likewise used for a 
small dart, or missive weapon. 
SPA'RVER, or Spa'rner, s. A bed.—To dame Jane 
Clynton one sparver of silk, with curtains of the same_ 
Sir Edward Poynings’ will, 1520, Testamenta Vetusta. 
SPASK, a small town of the interior of European Russia, 
in the government of Riazan, on the Oka; 46 miles east- 
south-east of Riazan. 
SPASK, a town of the central part of European Russia, in 
the government of Tamboy, on the river Studeni z; 105 
miles north-north-east of Tamboy. Population 3000. 
SPASK, a small town of the east of European Russia, in 
the government of Kasan, near the Wolga; 60 miles south 
of Kasan. 
SPASKOI, a small village of Kolivan, in Asiatic Russia. 
Lat. 55. 38. N. long. 86. 14. E. 
SPASKOI, a small village of Tobolsk, in Asiatic Russia; 
36 miles north cf Tomsk. 
SPASKOY, a village of the interior of European Russia, 
in the government of Kaluga, circle of Medyn. It has 2500 
inhabitants, employed partly in the manufacture of canvas 
and paper; 126 miles south-east of Smolensko. 
SPASM, s . [ spasme , Fr., awa<r/za, Gr.] Convulsion ; 
violent and involuntary contraction of any part. 
All the maladies 
Of ghastly spasm, or racking torture, qualms 
Of heart-sick agony. Milton, 
SPASMO'DIC, adj. [spasmodique , Fr.] Convulsive. 
SPAT. The pret. of spit. —He had spat on the ground. 
St. John. 
SPAT, s. [Su. Goth, humor.] The spawn of shell-fish. 
—A reticulated film found upon sea-shells, and usually 
supposed to be the remains of the vesicles of the spat of 
some sort of shell-fish. Woodward. 
SPATA, Cape, the north-west point of the island of Can- 
dia, in the Mediterranean. 
SPATALLA, in Botany. See Protea. 
SPATAREI, a small town iii the island of Samos; 5 miles 
south-south-west of Cora. 
SPATIIA, is a word used by different authors in various 
senses: some express by it a rib; others, the instrument 
called by surgeons, a spatula, and used for spreading oint¬ 
ments and plaisters; and Celsus calls a sort of incision-knife 
by this name. It is also used for the external covering of 
the fruit of the palm-tree, and by others for a sword. 
SPATHELIA [altered by Linnaeus from the spathe of 
Brown], in Botany, a genus of the class pentandria, order 
trigynia, natural order of bicornes, terebintaceae (Juss .)— 
Generic Character. Calyx: perianth five-leaved: leaflets 
oblong, coloured. Corolla: petals five, oblong, equal. Sta¬ 
mina : filaments five, awl-shaped, ascending, marked with 
a tooth at the base. Anthers ovate. Pistil: germ ovate, 
shorter than the stamens. Styles three. Stigmas simple. 
Pericarp: capsule oblong, three-cornered, three-winged, 
three-celled: cells accompanied by a lateral r.esimferous 
canal. Seeds solitary, oblong, three-sided. —Essential Cha¬ 
racter. Calyx five-leaved. Petals five. Capsule three-cor¬ 
nered, three-celled. Seeds solitary. 
Spathelia simplex, or rhus-leaved spathelia.—This tree 
rises by a single slender stem, like the palms, and bears all 
its oval leaves in a pinnated order, on moderate ribs, dis¬ 
posed closely together about the top, from the centre of 
which the flower-spike rises; this is very spreading, and 
generally shoots so as to appear a large blooming pyramid 
many feet above the foliage. This is a most beautiful flow¬ 
ering shrub; it seldom rises above fourteen or sixteen feet, 
and its flowering top is generally from four to six feet in 
height.—Native of Jamaica. 
6 A SPATHESTER, 
