S P I 
the first to take them up: and often restrain my inclination 
to perform those little services, rather than expose my spi¬ 
der-like shape. Hap. 
SPI'DERWORT, s. A plant with a lilyflower, com- 
posed of six petals; the Phalangium. 
SPIEGELBERG, a small district, with the title of county 
in Hanover, principality of Calenberg, which belongs as 
a fief to the king of the Netherlands. It has about 2200 
inhabitants. 
SPIELMANNIA [so named in honour of James Reinbold 
Spielmann, professor of medicine and botany at Strasburg], 
in Botany, a genus ofthe class didynamia, order angiospermia, 
natural order of personatae, vitices (Juss.) —Generic Charac¬ 
ter. Calyx : perianth one-leafed, erect, short, permanent: 
segments linear-subulate, acute, almost equal Corolla, one- 
petalled, salver-shaped: tube cylindric, incurved, globular 
at the base, villose within; the mouth closed with hairs: 
border five-cleft, almost equal: segments oblong, truncate, 
flat, spreading very much. Stamina: filaments four, very 
short, in the tube of the corolla, two a little higher than the 
others. Anthers oval. Pistil: germ roundish. Style short, 
permanent. Stigma hooked. Pericarp: drupe globular, one- 
celled, succulent. Seed: nut globular-depressed, wrinkled, 
striated and tubercled longitudinally, two celled. Kernels 
solitary, oblong, more gibbous towards the outside, tubercle- 
striated longitudinally, each fastened to a fleshy aril, gibbous 
on one side, hollowed on the other, adhering to the parti¬ 
tion.— Essential Character. Calyx five-cleft. Corolla 
bearded at the throat, with a five-cleft almost equal border. 
Drupe, with a two-celled, two-seeded nut. 
Spielmannia Africana. Ilex-leaved Spielmannia, or Lan- 
tana.—This rises with a shrubby stalk five or six feet high, 
sending out many irregular branches, closely garnished 
with thin oval leaves ending in points, serrate and embrac¬ 
ing. From the bosom of each leaf comes out one solitary 
white flower, which is cut at the top into five parts, and at 
first sight has the appearance of a jasmine flower; but when 
closer viewed, the tube will be found curved, in the same 
manner with ringent flowers.—Native of the Cape of Good 
Hope. 
Propagation and Culture. —Flowers are not succeeded 
by seeds in England, but the plants are easily propagated by 
cuttings, which if planted upon an old hot-bed any time in 
July, and covered with a bell or hand-glass, and shaded from 
the sun, will put out roots in a month or five weeks. It 
should then be treated the same as other green-house 
plants. 
SPIERINGS (N.), was horn at Antwerp, in 1633, and 
was a painter of landscape, who formed his style on the 
study of Salvator Rosa, and particularly remarkable as one 
of those who produced a portion of the numberless pictures 
sold as his all over Europe. 
SPIETZ, a small town of Switzerland, in the canton of 
Bern, on the west coast of the lake of Thun; 21 miles south- 
south-east of Bern. 
SPIGELIA [so named by Linnaeus, in memory of 
Adrian Spigelius, professor of anatomy and surgery at 
Padua], in Botany, a genus of the class pentandria, order 
monogynia, natural order of stellatae, gentianae (Juss .)— 
Generic Character. Calyx : perianth one-leafed, five-parted, 
acuminate, small, permanent. Corolla one-petalled, funnel- 
shaped : tube much longer than the calyx, narrowed below ; 
border spreading, five-cleft: segments wide, acuminate. 
Stamina: filaments five, simple. Anthers simple. Pistil 
germ composed of two globes, superior. Style one, awl- 
shaped, length of the tube. Stigma simple. Pericarp: .cap¬ 
sule twin, two-celled, four-valved. Seeds numerous, very 
small.— Essential Character. Corolla funnel-shaped. Cap¬ 
sule twin, two-celled, many-seeded. 
1. Spigelia anthelmia, or annual wonn-glass.—This is an 
annual plant with a fibrous root. Stem simple. Termi¬ 
nating leaves lanceolate, four ; the rest on the stem opposite 
in pairs. From each axil of the stem-leaves a single branch, 
very like the stem, terminated, as in that, by four leaves 
placed crosswise.—Native of the West Indies. 
S P I 475 
2. Spigelia Marilandica, or perennial worm-grass.—Stem 
four-cornered; all the leaves opposite.—Native of North 
America, in the warmer parts, as Virginia, Maryland and 
Carolina, where it is called Indian pink. 
Propagation and Culture. —Sow the seeds in pots filled 
with soft loamy earth, in the autumn, and plunge them into 
the bark-bed, where they should remain till the spring, when 
they must be plunged into a fresh hot-bed. Afterwards 
plant them in separate pots, shading them till they have 
taken root; and then treat them in the same way as other 
tender annual plants from the same countries, keeping them 
constantly in the hot-bed under cover to perfect the seeds. 
SPIGELIUS, or Vanden Spieghel (Adrian), an emi¬ 
nent physician, was born at Brussels in 1578. He studied 
philosophy and medicine first at Louvain, and afterwards at 
Padua, where he received the degree of M. D. He became 
thoroughly skilled in every branch of his psofession, and 
particularly in anatomy and surgery ; and after travelling 
for some time to the different schools of Germany, lie 
settled in Moravia, where he was soon appointed physician 
to the states of the province. He had there attained to the 
highest reputation, when he was invited, in 1616, by the 
senate of Venice, to occupy the principal professorship of 
anatomy and surgery in the university of Padua, which had 
become vacant by the death of Casserius. He accepted the 
appointment, and acquitted himself with so much success, 
that he contributed to render the schools of Padua more 
flourishing than they had ever been. He was cut off at the 
age of 47, in April 1625, in consequence of a puncture of 
his finger by a piece of glass. The first work which he 
published was entitled “ Isagoges in Rem Herbarium Libri 
duo,” printed at Padua in 1606. This work, though not 
very systematic, contains some interesting matter. It treats 
copiously on the virtues of plants, respecting which he is 
said to have learned much from the Italian peasantry, in a 
tour which he made in the dress of a rustic. He published 
also “ De Lumbrico lato Liber, cum notis et ejusdem Lum- 
brici icone,” to which was subjoined a letter “ De incerto 
tempore Partus,” 1618. “ De Semitertiana Libri quatuor,” 
Francf. 1624. But the most valuable of his writings are 
those which he composed on anatomical subjects, and which 
were published after his death by his son-in-law, Crema. 
These were entitled “ De Humani Corporis Fabrica Libri 
X. cum Tabulis 98 aere incisis,” 1625, folio; and “ De 
formato Fcetu Liber singularis, seneis figuris ornatus;” to 
which was annexed “ Tractatus de Arthritide,” 1626. See 
Eloy. Piet. Hist, de la Med. Gen. Biog. 
SPIGNEL, in Botany: see Athamanta.—Spignel, 
Meu: see-iETHUSA.—S pignel, Wild: see Seseli. 
SPIGNO, an inland town of the continental Sardinian 
states, in the duchy of Montserrat, province of Acqui. It 
stands near the river Bormida, in a picturesque situation 
on a steep rock, and contains 2200 inhabitants; 8 miles 
west-north-west of Novi, and 9 north-north-east of Acqui. 
SPIGNO, a town in the north-west part of the kingdom 
of Naples in the Terra di Lavoro, containing 1200 inhabi¬ 
tants ; 25 miles east of Terracina. 
SPIGOLA, in Ichthyology, a name given by Paulus 
Jovius, and some others, to that species of perch which is 
generally called the lupus marinus. 
SPIGOT, s. [spijclcer, Dutch.] A pin or peg put into 
he faucet to keep in the liquor.—Take out the spigot, and 
clap the point in your mouth. Swift. 
SPIKE, s. [spica, Lat.] An ear of corn. 
Drawn up in ranks and files, the bearded spikes 
Guard it from birds as with a stand of pikes. Denham. 
A long nail of iron or wood; a long rod of iron sharp¬ 
ened ; so called from its similitude to an ear of corn.] spile, 
Su. Goth.]—For the body of the ships, no nation equals 
England for the oaken timber; and we need not borrow 
of any other iron for spikes, or nails to fasten them. Bacon, 
SPIKE, s . A smaller species of lavender. 
To SPIKE, v. a. To fasten with long nails.—Lay long 
planks upon them, pinned or spiked down to the pieces of 
oak 
