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S P I 
S P 1 
oak on which they lie. Moxon. —To set with spikes.—A 
youth, leaping over the spiked pales, was suddenly frighted 
clown, and in his falling he was catched by those spikes. 
Wiseman. —To make sharp at the end. 
SPIKE, or Oil of Spike, a name given by our drug, 
gists to an essential oil, much used by the varnish-makers 
and the painters in enamel; and of some use in medicine. 
This oil, when genuine, is brought from Provence, and 
some other parts of France, and is there made of lavender. 
This plant is called in Provence aspic , and thence came the 
name oil of aspic, which afterwards degenerated into oil 
of spike. 
SPIKE ROLLER, a very useful implement of the roller 
kind, first introduced by Mr. Randall, of York, to the notice 
of the farmer. It has been fouud of much advantage in 
bringing stiff cloddy lands into a state of suitable pulver¬ 
ization and fineness of mould for being sown. 
SPIKE ISLAND, a small island of Ireland, in Cork har¬ 
bour ; 10 miles below Cork. 
SPI'KED, adj. Having ears, or those parts which con¬ 
tain seeds. 
The clover white 
That in a spiked ball collects its sweets. Mason. 
SPI'KENARD, s. A plant, and the oil or balsam pro¬ 
duced from the plant.—It grows plentifully in Java. It has 
been known to the medical writers of all ages. Hill. —A 
woman having an alabaster box of ointment of spikenard, 
brake and poured it on his head. St. Mark. 
SPIKENARD, Bastard French: see Nardus. — Spike¬ 
nard, Celtic: a species of Valerian; which see.— Spike¬ 
nard, False: see Lavandula. — Spikenard, Plough¬ 
man’s : see Baccharis. — Spikenard, Ploughman’s, is 
also the name of a species of flea-bane, or Conyza ; which 
see. 
SPIKER-OOG, a small sandy island of Hanover, on the 
coast of East Friesland. It is about 4 miles long, contains 
a church, a school, and only 200 inhabitants. Lat. 53. 46. 
1. N. long. 7. 42. 14. E. 
SPI'KY, adj. Having a sharp point. 
Leicestrian fleeces, which the sinewy arm 
Combs through the spiky steel in lengthen’d flakes. Dyer. 
SPILAMBERTO, a small town of Italy, in the duchy of 
Modena, on the river Panaro; 8 miles south-east of Modena. 
SPILANTHUS [from cnuXo;, macula, a spot or dot; and 
avSo?, a dower; the corolla being dotted with black, from 
the shedding of the pollen], in Botany, a genus of the 
class syngenesia, order polygamia cequalis, natural order of 
compositee oppositifoliee, corymbiferaa (Juss.) —Generic 
Character. Calyx: common sub-hcmispherical, imbricate; 
scales lanceolate-linear, compact, in a double row. Corolla: 
compound uniform, tubular, conico-convex; corollets herm¬ 
aphrodite, numerous, equal; proper, one-petalled, funnel- 
shaped ; border four or five-cleft, reflexed. Stamina: fila¬ 
ments four or five, capillary, very short. Anthers cylindric, 
tubular. Pistil: germ oblong, compressed. Style filiform, 
length of the stamens. Stigmas two, recurved. Pericarp : 
none. Calyx unchanged. Seeds solitary, oblong, com¬ 
pressed-flat, membranaceous margined, two-awned at the tip, 
one awn often smaller than the other. Receptacle, chaffy, 
conical: chaffs compressed, deciduous.— Essential Cha¬ 
racter. Calyx, almost equal. Down two toothed. Re¬ 
ceptacle, conical, chaffy. 
1. Spilanthus urens, or biting spilanthus.—Leaves lanceo¬ 
late, quite entire; stem prostrate. This new genus is made 
up chiefly of those species of bidens and verbesina which do 
not properly belong to those genera. Root perennial.— 
Native of America, about Carthagena, in sandy fields : flower¬ 
ing from May to October. 
2. Spilanthus pseudo-acmella, or spear-leaved spilanthus. 
—Leaves lanceolate, serrate; stem erect.—Native of Ceylon. 
3. Spilanthus albus, or white flowered spilanthus.—Leaves 
ovate, almost entire: lower alternate; upper opposite; stem 
panicled. Root annual.—Native of Peru. 
4. Spilanthus acmella, or balm-leaved spilanthus.—Leaves 
ovate, serrate; stem erect; flowers radiate. This is so like 
the second species as scarcely to be distinguished from it.— 
Native of Ceylon. 
5. Spilanthus tinctorius, or dyer's spilanthus.—Leaves lan¬ 
ceolate, serrate, smooth; peduncles many flowered, termi¬ 
nating ; stem diffused. Stem herbaceous, three feet high.— 
It is cultivated for dying both in China and Cochin-china. 
6. Spilanthus uliginosus, or boggy spilanthus.—Leaves 
ovate-lanceolate, crenate; stem erect, dichotomous; pedun¬ 
cles terminating; flowers radiate. This is an annual plant. 
—Native of Jamaica. 
7. Spilanthus atriplicifolius, or orach-leaved spilanthus.— 
Leaves alternate, deltoid, toothed, petioled stipuled; stem 
panicled.—Native of South America, 
8. Spilanthus insipidus.—Leaves obovate, somewhat tooth¬ 
ed, sessile.—Native of America. 
9. Spilanthus oleraceus, or esculent spilanthus.—Leaves 
subcordate, serrulate petioled. Stems procumbent, a foot 
long, round, somewhat rugged.—Native of the East Indies. 
Propagation and Culture. —Sow the seeds upon a mode¬ 
rate hot-bed in the spring, and when the plants are fit to re¬ 
move, transplant them on to a fresh hot-bed, shading them till 
they have taken new root, and then treating them as other 
tender annual plants, being careful not to draw them up too 
weak. In June take them up with balls of earth, and plant 
them in a warm border, shading and waternig them: they 
may be kept through the winter in a stove. 
SPILE, in Ship-Building, a plug made of fir to fill up 
holes, where nails have been driven, to prevent leaking, &c. 
SPILE, in Rural Economy, a piece of wood sharpened at 
the point, and drove down into the ground, on the sides of 
rivers, or other places, for the purpose of protecting their 
banks, or other parts, against the violence of the waters. 
SPILIMBERGO, a small town of Austrian Italy, situated 
on the Tagliamento, in a district beautifully diversified with 
hills and valleys; 14 miles west of Udina. 
SPI LINGS, in Ship-Building, the dimensions taken from 
a rule-staff, a mould’s edge, or straight line, to trim or fay 
one piece to another. 
SPILL, s. [spijlen, Dutch.] A small shiver of wood; 
or thin bar of iron.—The oyster catchers, besides gathering 
by hand, have a peculiar dredge, which is a thick strong net, 
fastened to three spills of iron, and drawn at the boat’s stern. 
Carew. —Have near the bunghole a little venthole, stopped 
with a spill. Mortimer. —A small quantity of money.— 
The bishops, who consecrated this ground, were wont to 
have a spill or sportule from the credulous laity. Ay life. 
To SPILL, v. a. [j-pillan, Sax., spillen, Dutch; spilla, 
Icelandic.] To shed; to lose by shedding. 
Medea must not draw her murth’ring knife, 
And spill her children’s blood upon the stage. Roscommon. 
To destroy; to mischief. Unused. 
Why are you so fierce and cruel ? 
Is it because your eyes have power to kill ? 
Then know that mercy is the Mighty’s jewel. 
And greater glory think to save than spill. Spenser. 
Thou all-shaking thunder. 
Crack nature’s mould, all germins spill at once 
That make ingratefull man. Shakspeare. 
To throw away. 
This sight shall damp the raging ruffian’s breast, 
The poison spill, and half drawn sword arrest. Ticket^ 
To SPILL, v. n. To waste; to be lavish—Thy father 
bids thee spare, and chides for spilling. Sidney. —To be 
shed; to be lost by being shed.—He was so topfull of him¬ 
self, that he let it spill on all the company: he spoke well 
indeed, but he spoke too long. Watts. 
SPELLER, s. [Etymology unknown.] A kind of fish¬ 
ing line.—In harbour they are taken by spillers made of a 
cord, to which divers shorter are tied at a little distance, and 
to each of these a hook is fastened with a bait: this spiller 
they sink in the sea where those fishes have their accustomed 
haunt. Carew. 
SPILOMA, 
