498 S Q U A 
Eurimidon then rein’d his horse, that trotted neighing by; 
The king a foot-man, and so scowres the squadrons orderly. 
Chapman. 
Part of a fleet; a certain number of ships.—Rome could 
not maintain its dominion over so many provinces, without 
squadrons ready equipt. Arbuthnot. 
SQUA'DRONED, adj. Formed into squadrons. 
They gladly thither haste, and by a choir 
Of squadron'd angels, hear his carol sung. Milton. 
SQUA'LID , adj. [squalidus, Lat.] Foul; nasty; filthy. 
Uncomb’d his locks, and squalid his attire, 
Unlike the trim of love and gay desire. Dryden. 
SQUALI'DITY, or Squa 'lioness, s. The state or qua¬ 
lity of being squalid. 
To SQUALL, v. n. [sqwaela, Su. Goth. Formed, no 
doubt, by imitation of a child's cry.] To scream out as a 
child or woman frighted.—Cornelius sunk back on a chair; 
the guests stood astonished; the infant squaioltd. Arbuth¬ 
not and Pope. 
SQUALL, s. Loud scream. 
There oft are heard the notes of infant woe, 
The short thick sob, loud scream, and shriller squall. Pope. 
Sudden gust of wind. [Perhaps from an imitation of the 
howl of the wind.] 
SQUA'LLER, s. Screamer; one that screams 
SQUA'LOR, s. [Lat.] Coarseness; nastiness; want of 
cleanliness and neatness.—What can filthy poverty give else 
but beggary, fulsome nastiness, squalor, ugliness, hunger, 
and thirst? Burton. 
SQUA'LLY, adj. Windy; gusty.—Captain Crowe re¬ 
marked that it was squally weather. Smollet. 
SQUALUS [Pliny, from Squalor, the fish delighting 
in muddy and impure places], the Shark, in Ichthyo¬ 
logy, a genus of fishes of the chondropterigious, or cartila¬ 
ginous order: the Generic Character is as follows:—The 
mouth is situated beneath the anterior part of the head, with 
numerous teeth disposed in rows. On each side of the neck, 
in most of the species, there are five spiracles of a semilu¬ 
nar shape. The body is oblong, and somewhat cylindrical. 
The animals of this genus are altogether marine : they are 
viviparous, and are observed to produce more young at a 
time than the rays; but each is included, as is the case with 
those fishes, in a quadrangular capsule or involucrum, each 
extremity of which is extended into a long, contorted, car¬ 
tilaginous thread of great length. Many of the sharks are 
said to emit a phosphoric light during the darkness of night: 
they are chiefly of a solitary nature, and, in general, devour, 
with the most indiscriminating voracity, almost every animal 
substance, whether living or dead. A few species are said 
to feed chiefly on fuci, and other marine vegetables. There 
are about thirty-four species enumerated by Gmelin, which 
are separated into different sections. 
I.—With temporal orifice and anal fin. 
1. Squalus Isabella.—The first dorsal fin is opposite the 
abdominal. It is thirty inches long; in colour it is yel¬ 
lowish ; the teeth are compressed, short, triangular, furnished 
on each side the base with a smaller lobe, and disposed in 
six rows; the tongue is very short and thick; the dorsal fin 
is subquadrangular; the second placed opposite the anal fin; 
the pectoral fins are very large; the ventral are separate, and 
pointed behind.—It inhabits the southern Pacific ocean, and 
has been observed about the coasts of New Zealand. 
2 . Squalus canicular, or spotted dog-fish.—Nostrils sur¬ 
rounded with a lobe and vermiform appendage; the ventral 
fins are distinct. The head is small; snout short; eyes 
oblong; pupil sea-green, iris white; the mouth is wide and 
oblong, with three rows of teeth; the tongue is cartilaginous, 
and with the palate rough ; the vent is before the middle of 
the body; the first dorsal fin behind the ventral, the second 
less, and nearly opposite the anal; the tail is narrow, ending 
below in a sharp angle.!—This inhabits most seas, is about 
four or five feet long, is very voracious, and feeds chiefly on 
L U S. 
fish; the body is of a reddish brown, with large distinct 
spots, which are black above, but white beneath, a little 
compressed at each end: the skin when dried is used for 
various purposes. 
3. Squalus catulus, or lesser spotted dog-fish.—This 
species is specifically described as having nostrils covered 
with a lobe and vermiform appendage; the ventral fins are 
connected. Its habit is rather slender; in length it is from 
two to three feet; the head is large; snout prominent, and 
slightly pointed; the skin is rough; the body cylindric; 
the colour pale brick- red, marked with very numerous, small, 
rounded, blackish or dusky spots; the abdomen is whitish; 
both the dorsal fins are placed much nearer to the tail than 
the head; the ventral fins are connate, large, and of a 
slightly pointed form; the anal fin is small; the tail is long, 
bilobate, with the lower lobe continued to a considerable 
distance beneath. It is a most voracious fish. According to 
Mr. Pennant, it breeds from nine to thirteen young at a time; 
it is numerous on our own coasts, and very injurious to the 
fisheries. The liver, when taken or tasted as food, is highly 
noxious, causing a long continued stupor, succeeded by an 
universal itching, with a total peeling off of the cuticle.—It 
inhabits the Northern, Mediterranean, and Indian seas. 
4. Squalus stellaris.—Lobes of the nostrils double. The 
dorsal fins are equal; the first a little beyond the middle of 
the body, the second a little behind the anal. This is found 
in the European ocean, and is from two to six feet long; it 
feeds chiefly on crustaceous animals, mollusc® and lesser 
fish; the body is reddish, with unequal blackish spots; be¬ 
neath it is of a dirty ash, and resembles the squalus canicula, 
but the spots are larger and fewer; the snout is a little 
longer, the tail somewhat shorter, and the nostrils nearly 
closed; it brings forth about twenty at a time. 
5. Squalus galeus, or tope.—Teeth nearly triangular, 
serrate on the inner edge. This species is of considerable 
size, often measuring several feet in length, though the spe¬ 
cimens usually seen about the British coasts scarcely exceed 
the length of about five feet. In its habits it resembles the 
white shark, being a very bold and rapacious fish, attacking 
such as happen to be accidentally exposed to it with great 
violence and rapidity ; its shape is rather slender; its colour 
pale cinereous above, and whitish beneath; the nose is long, 
flat and pointed; the nostrils are situated near the mouth, 
and behind each eye is a small orifice; the teeth are nu¬ 
merous, disposed in three rows, small, very sharp, triangular, 
and serrate on their inner edge. The first dorsal fin is placed 
about the middle of the back, and is rather large; the second 
is small, and situated near the tail, which is small, and 
terminates in two unequal lobes, of which the lower is the 
broadest. It has been asserted by able and well-informed 
naturalists, that this fish is so bold as to pursue its prey to 
the very edge of the shore, and even to attack those who are 
walking near the water’s edge. It is supposed to be the fish 
mentioned by the name of canicula, which is described as 
highly dangerous to those employed in diving for corals, 
sponges, &c. 
6. Squalus mustelus, or smooth hound.—The teeth of this 
species are very small and obtuse; it has short pectoral fins. 
The fish of this species are of a slender habit; their snouts 
are slightly sharpened and lengthened; the first dorsal fin is 
large, and placed nearly in the middle of the back ; the 
second nearly opposite the anal fin; the tail is shaped as in 
most others of this tribe, or slightly bilobate; the lower lobe 
is continued to some distance beneath; the teeth are very 
numerous, small, slightly convex, and set as in the rays. 
The general colour of the animal is of a greyish brown, 
paler or whiter beneath; it sometimes varies in being marked 
above by numerous white spots. The stomach in this fish is 
furnished with several appendices, situated near the pylorus; 
it is found on our own coasts, and in other European seas, 
and also in the Indian sea, and when full grown it is about 
two fett long. 
7. Squalus cirratus.—The nostrils have a worm-shaped 
appendage.—The head is depressed ; the snout is short, 
obtuse; the eyes and temporal orifice small; lips thick at 
the 
