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S T A 
the father to the soil, filled with instructions suitable to the 
different gradations of the young man’s life to whom they 
were particularly addressed. These letters have been highly 
applauded, and as loudly condemned. They contain many 
admirable observations on mankind, and rules of conduct; 
but the author lays a greater stress on exterior accomplish, 
ments and address than on intellectual qualifications and 
sincerity, and allows a much greater latitude to fashionable 
pleasure than sound morality will admit. Indeed no apo¬ 
logy can be made for a father’s attempts to fashion his son 
to politeness, by recommending connections with married 
women, which, however lightly regarded in the licentious 
courts and capitals at which he himself had been a visitor 
and resident, must ever be considered as a most serious vio¬ 
lation of private friendship, and of the most sacred bond 
of social life. These obnoxious parts would, in all proba¬ 
bility, have been suppressed, had the author revised and 
published his own letters. On the other hand, there are, 
in the course of the volumes and the other works of lord 
Chesterfield, many examples of his useful and efficacious 
endeavours to serve the cause of morality. Whether the son 
followed the father’s advice in respect to adultery we know 
not: but as to politeness of manners, it is well known that 
the reiterated admonitions produced quite the opposite effect. 
His lordship died in March, 1773, in the 79t'n year of his 
age. He had for some time been extremely infirm, and 
having outlived most of his friends and contemporaries, he 
was in fact reduced to a state in which he rather patiently 
endured life than enjoyed it. “It is unnecessary,” says 
his biographer, “ to add any thing to the view already given 
of his moral character : if it was very far from faultless, it 
certainly exhibited many excellencies, which enabled hin to 
perform important services to his friends and country. In 
his literary capacity, he possessed wit, good sense, and a fine 
taste, in an uncommon degree. His style is of the purest 
English.” Of his works, which, besides those already re¬ 
ferred to, contain papers in some of the political journals 
of the day, speeches, state papers, and letters, French and 
English, a Collection, in 2 vols. 4to., with memoirs of his 
life, by Dr. Maty, was published in the year 1777. 
STANHOPE, a parish, and formerly a market town of 
England, on the banks of the Weare, Durham. It has a 
spacious park, in which the Scotch army encamped, when 
they were opposed by Edward III.; 21£ miles west-by-north 
of Durham, and 264§ north-north-west of London. Popu¬ 
lation 6376. 
STANHOPE, a post township of the United States, in 
Morris county. New Jersey. 
STANHOPE, Point, a point of land on the west coast 
of the Duke of York’s Island, in Clarence’s Strait, off the 
west coast of North America. Lat. 56. 2. N. long. 237. 
38. E. 
STANIFORTIl, Point, a cape on the coast of New 
Hanover, situated at the entrance of Gardner's Canal. Lat. 
53. 34. N. long. 231. 17. E. 
STAN1HURST (Richard), a divine and historian, was 
born at Dublin about the year 1545, of which city his 
father was recorder. He was educated at the University 
college, Oxford, after which he came to London, and 
studied the law in Furnival’s Inn, and then at Lincoln’s Inn. 
Returning to Ireland, he practised some time at the bar; 
but having abandoned the Protestant for the Roman Ca¬ 
tholic religion he thought it necessary to remove to the con¬ 
tinent, for the purpose of obtaining a freer exercise of the 
duties which he owed to his Maker. After this he entered 
into orders, and became chaplain at Brussels to Albert, arch¬ 
duke of Austria. He died in 1618, having obtained a very 
high reputation for learning. His writings are enumerated 
as follow: “ Harmonia, seu Catena dialectica in Porphy- 
lium;" “ Descriptio Hibernieae,” inserted in Holingshed’s 
Chronicle; “ De Rebus in Hibernia gestis. Lib. IV.” In 
this work we are told he took Giraldus Cambrensis for his 
guide, and he is said to have adopted freely the erroneous 
statements of that writer, though in some places he has cor¬ 
rected him from other writers. He published likewise “ A 
Life of St. Patrick,” and several Catholic works. Mr. 
Stanihurst tried his powers as a poet, by a version of the four 
first books of Virgil’s jEneid in English hexameters. It is 
remarkable only for the uncouthness of its diction. 
STANIMAK, a small river of European Turkey, in Ro¬ 
mania, which falls into the Marilza, or ancient Hebrus. 
STAN1NGFIELD, a parish of England, in Suffolk; 5 
miles south-by-east of Bury St. Edmund’s. 
STANINGHALL, a village of England, in Lancashire, 
between Skipton and the ocean. 
STANINGHALL, a village of England, in Norfolk, be¬ 
tween Wursted and Norwich. 
STANION, or Staniern, a parish of England, in North¬ 
amptonshire; 4| miles south-east of Rockingham. 
STANISLAUS I. (Leizinski), king of Poland, born at 
Leopold in 1677, was son of a distinguished Polish noble, 
who, after occupying several important posts, was raised to 
that of grand treasurer of the crown. ILs son, the subject 
of this article, displayed, at a very early period, talents and 
dispositions which announced a character equally amiable 
and estimable. “ His countenance,” says his biographer, 
“ expressed courage joined with sweetness, together with that 
air of openness and sincerity which is more persuasive than 
eloquence itself. He was brave, and enured to hardship and 
fatigue. He slept on a straw mattress, required scarcely any 
personal services from his domestics, was temperate, econo¬ 
mical, adored by his vassals, and beloved by his friends.” 
When Charles XII. of Sweden entered Poland, for the purpose 
of dethroning Augustus, Stanislaus, then palatine ot Pome¬ 
rania, was deputed to that prince from the confederation of 
Warsaw. In the conference with the monarch, he appeared 
to him in so favourable alight, that the Swede immediately 
took the resolution of raising him to the crown of Poland 
which was effected at an election held July 12, 1704, when 
Stanislaus was in his twenty-seventh year. The unexpected 
entrance of Augustus into Warsaw, when the king of Sweden 
was at a distance with his army, obliged Stanislaus to make 
a precipitate retreat: but by another change he was brought 
back, and crowned at Warsaw with his wife, in October 
1705, and by a treaty in the following year, Augustus was 
compelled solemnly to abdicate the crown of Poland in favour 
of his rival. Stanislaus remained possessor of the kingdom 
till the fatal defeat of his patron Charles, at Pultowa, in 
July 1709. Being now unable to maintain himself in 
Poland, he withdrew with the Swedes into Pomerania, and 
thence crossed into Sweden, where he passed some time in 
retirement, while negociations were carrying on to restore 
the peace of the north. As his abdication of the Polish crown 
seemed a necessary preliminary, he readily signified his own 
concurrence, and wrote to Charles at Bender to obtain his 
consent. Not being able, by letter, to persuade him, he 
resolved to try the effect of a personal conference; and 
accordingly assumed a feigned name, and, accompanied by 
two officers, proceeded for the frontiers of Turkey. On his 
arrival in Moldavia he was arrested, and brought before the 
Hospodar, who discovered his true person, and sent him to 
Bender, where he was detained as a prisoner, but was ex¬ 
tremely well treated. He was suffered to depart in 1714, 
when he went to Deux Ponts, where he was joined by his 
family. A Saxon officer made an attempt to assassinate him 
but the design was discovered before it could be put into 
execution, and he pardoned and dismissed the conspirators. 
In 1719 he received intelligence of the death of Charles XII., 
and feeling himself now deprived of his protector, he applied 
to the court of France, which gave him a retreat in Alsace. 
Here he lived in a state of great obscurity, until his daughter 
the princess Mary, was unexpectedly chosen as queen to 
Lewis XV. This was in the year 1725, when Stanislaus 
removed to the castle of Chambord. On the death of 
Augustus iu 1733, an attempt was made by the French 
monarch to replace Stanislaus on the Polish throne, and he 
repaired to Dantzic, in order to support the party which 
actually proclaimed him; but his competitor, the son of 
Augustus, and elector of Saxony, favoured by Austria and 
Russia, was more successful, and Stanilaus was obliged to 
