S T A 
S T A 
quit Danfzic in disguise, and through many dangers escaped 
to Konigsberg. He supported this reverse of fortune with 
philosophical resignation, and at the peace of 1736 he 
formally abdicated all claim and pretensions to the kingdom 
on condition of retaining the title, and being put in posses¬ 
sion for life of the duchies of Lorraine and Bar. Thence¬ 
forth he lived as the sovereign of a small country, which he 
rendered happy by the exercise of virtues, that caused him to 
be named by the general voice of his subjects, “ Stanislaus 
the Beneficent.” Instead of imposing new and oppressive 
taxes, he relieved his people from the pressure of many 
which they had heretofore borne; yet he was able, by a 
prudent economy, to found many useful and charitable esta¬ 
blishments, and to patronize the arts and sciences. He was 
himself attached to literature, and wrote various treatises on 
moral, philosophical, and political topics, which were pub¬ 
lished under the title of “ CEuvres du Philosophe Bienfaisant," 
4 vols. 8vo. These volumes were published in 1765, and the 
royal author of them died in the following year, universally 
lamented. 
STANISLAUS AUGUSTUS (Poniatowski). See Po¬ 
land. 
STANISLAWCZY, a small town of Austrian Poland, in 
the circle of Zloczow, on the river Styr. 
STANISLAWOW, a circle of Austrian Galicia, situated 
in the south-east of the province, adjacent to Hungary and 
the circles of Stryi and Tarnopol. It has a territorial extent 
of 1955 square miles, with 179,000 inhabitants. It consists 
for the most part of extensive and fertile plains, except on 
the frontiers of Hungary, where part of it is occupied by 
some lofty mountains of the Carpathian chain. It is watered 
by a number of rivers, the chief of which are the Dniester, 
the Pruth, and the Bistricza. 
STANISLAWOW, a town of Austrian Poland, and the 
capital of the preceding circle. It is surrounded by a wall, 
and is well fortified; has a Catholic and an Arminian 
church, a gymnasium, a central school, and 6200 inha¬ 
bitants. It has also a government depot of tobacco and 
snuff, and a considerable trade; 80 miles south-by-east of 
Lemberg, and 172 north west of Jassy. Lat. 48. 56. N. 
long. 24. 43. E. 
STANITZ, Steinitz, or Zdanice, a small town of the 
Austrian states, in Moravia; 21 miles east-south-east of 
Brunn. Population 1500. 
STANK, adj. [stanco, Ital. Dr. Johnson. —Probably, 
as Serenius also notices, from the leel. and Su. Goth, stanka, 
to pant for breath; and to stank is, in some parts of the 
north of England, to sigh.] Weak ; worn out. 
Diggon, I am so stiff and so stank, 
That unneth I may stand any more, 
And how the western wind bloweth sore. 
Beating the withered leaf from the tree. Spenser. 
STANK, s. [fCanc, Sax.; pstanc, Welsh.] A dam, or 
bank, to stop water. Bailey. —It has this meaning in the 
south and east of England. Rap. —In old English, it meant 
a pond or dam of water. Mr. G. Chalmers .—Thei lighted 
and abiden beside a water stank. R. ofBrunne. 
STANK. The preterite of stink. —The fish in the river 
died, and the river stank. Exod. 
STANKAU, a small town of the west of Bohemia, on 
theRadbusa; 9 miles north-north-east of Pilsen. Popula¬ 
tion 1000. 
STANKY, an old town of Russian Poland, in the govern¬ 
ment of Kiev, on an eminence near the Dnieper. 
STANLEY (Thomas), born at Cumberlow Green, in 
Hertfordshire, was the son of Sir Thomas Stanley, knight. 
He received his early education at home, under Edward 
Fairfax, the translator of Tasso’s Jerusalem, and was ad¬ 
mitted a gentleman-commoner of Pembroke-hall, Cam¬ 
bridge, in 1639. Having taken his degree of M. A., at that 
university, he went abroad, but returning during the civil 
war, he took up his residence in the Middle Temple. He 
there pursued his studies with much eagerness, and in 1651 
published a volume of original poems, and a number of 
Vol. XXIII. No. 1588. 
52 9 
translations in verse, from the ancient and modern languages. 
Turning his attention to graver topics, in 1655 he published 
the first volume of the work by which he is chiefly known, 
“ The History of Philosophy; containing the Lives, Opinions, 
Actions, and Discourses of the Philosophers of every Sect.” 
This was followed by three other volumes; they were after¬ 
wards republished in one volume folio; and in 1743, a quarto 
edition was given to the public. After the favourable recep¬ 
tion which this work met with, the author published an edi¬ 
tion of iEschylus, which was published in London in 1663, 
the text of which was copied into De Pauw’s edition of 1745. 
He died in London, April 12, 1678, leaving behind him far¬ 
ther monuments of his industry and erudition, in manuscript, 
consisting of “ Commentaries on iEschylus,” in 8 vols. fob : 
“ Adversaria; or Remarks on Passages in various ancient 
Authors:” “Prelictions on the Characters of Theophrastus:” 
and a Latin treatise on the first-fruits and tenths of the spoils 
mentioned in the Epistle to the Hebrews. He had been 
married to a Northamptonshire lady, co-heiress to a good 
estate, and he left a son, who published, at an early age, a 
translation of iElian’s “ Various Histories." 
STANLEY, a village of Scotland, in Perthshire, where 
there is an extensive spinning mill. Population upwards of 
500. 
STANLEY, a township of England, West Riding of 
Yorkshire, near Wakefield. In the neighbourhood, there is 
a salubrious cold spring, esteemed efficacious in many scor¬ 
butic complaints; over which a bathing-room has been 
erected, with a dwelling-house for the use of its visitors. 
Population 3769. 
STANLEY, a hamlet of England, in Wiltshire; 2 miles 
east-by-south of Chippenham. 
STANLEY, a township of England, in Derbyshire; 6 
miles north-east of Derby. 
STANLEY, a township of England, in Staffordshire ; 5 
miles south-west of Leeke. 
STANLEY, Pontlarge, a parish of England, in Glou¬ 
cestershire; 2 miles north-west of Winchcombe. 
STANLEY, Leonard’s and King’s. See Leonard’s 
and King’s Stanley. 
STANI.EY-TOWN, a small town of Pennsylvania, si¬ 
tuated in the Allegany mountains, on the road to Pittsburg. 
It consists of about 50 houses. 
STANMER, a parish of England, in Sussex; 5 miles 
west of Lewes. ‘ 
STANMORE, Great, a village and parish of England,, 
in the county of Middlesex. It comprises 1400 acres of 
land, the greater part of which is occupied as meadow and 
pasture, but about 50 acres still remain in common. The 
village is of considerable extent, and consists chiefly of 
houses erected on the sides of the great road from London 
to St. Alban’s. Within the parish are some handsome man¬ 
sions and villas, the chief of which is Stanmore house, the 
elegant seat of the Countess of Aylesford. The house is 
seated in an extensive park, distinguished for its fine woods 
and varied surface. The present church of Stanmore was 
completed in 1632, at the sole expence of Sir John Wol- 
stenholme: it is built of brick, and among other monuments 
in it, is one by Nicolas Stone, commemorating the builder 
of the church. From the number of Roman antiquities 
found within this parish, it is conjectured by Camden, 
Sfukely and Reynolds, that the station called Sui.loniaca;, 
was at Brockley-hill. During the Anglo-Roman dynasty, 
this part of Middlesex, and a great part of Hertfordshire, 
were covered with woods. Fitzstevens, who wrote about 
1170, says, that “an immense forest extends itself to the 
north of London, and is full of lairs and coverts of beasts 
and game.” Population 840; 10 miles north-west of 
London. 
STANMORE, Little, a parish of England, adjoining 
to the above. Here is Canons, the ancient and celebrated 
seat of the Brydges family. This estate was rendered noted 
by the duke of Chandos, paymaster of the forces to Queen 
Anne, who having acquired great wealth, resolved to build 
two magnificent houses, to surpass any of the ducal resi- 
6 T dences 
