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537 
this in the starched beard ? B. Jonson. —Stiff; precise; 
formal.—As supercilious—as a starch't gallant is of any 
thing that may disorder his dress. Hammond. 
STA'RCHEDNESS, s. Stiffness; formality.—Chancing 
to smile at the Moor’s deportment, as not answering the 
starchedness of his own nation. L. Addison. 
STA'RCHER, s. One whose trade is to starch.—The 
taylors, starchcrs, semsters. Marston. 
STA'RCHLY, adv. Stiffly; precisely.—In answer to all 
this, I might with good pretence enough talk st archly , and 
affect ignorance of what you would be at. Swift. 
STA'RCHNESS, s. Stiffness; preciseness. 
STARCROSS, a village of England, in Devonshire; If 
mile west of Exmouth. 
To STARE, v. n. (jEapian, Sax.; stara, Icel. et Sueth. 
forliter adspectare. Serenius.] To look with fixed eyes; 
to look with wonder, impudence, confidence, stupidity, or 
horror. 
And while he stares around with stupid eyes, 
His brows with berries and his temples dies. Dryden. 
What dost thou make a shipboard ? 
Art thou of Bethlem’s noble college free ? 
Stark staring mad, that thou should’st tempt the sea? 
Dryden. 
Struggling, and wildly staring on the skies 
With scarce recover’d sight. Dryden. 
To stand out prominent.—Take off all the staring straw’s 
and jaggs in the hive, and make them smooth. Mortimer. 
—To stand up. [starren. Germ., rigerel] Obsolete. —His 
hair stareth, or standeth on end. Barret. 
To STARE, v. a. To affect or influence by stares. 
Why dost thou not 
Try but the virtue of that Gorgon face, 
To stare me into statue ? Dryden. 
To Stare in the face. To be undeniably evident to. 
Both the following and the preceding examples are among 
those under the neuter verb, in Dr. Johnson’s dictionary; but 
improperly.—Is it possible for people, without scruple to 
offend against the law, which they carry about them in inde¬ 
lible characters, and that stares them in the face whilst they 
are breaking it ? Locke. 
STARE, s. Fixed look. 
I’the name of something holy, sir, why stand you 
In this strange stare ?- Shakspeare. 
(jesep. Sax.; sterre, Teut.; sturnus, Lat.'] The starling, 
a bird.—He, that hath nothing but language only, may be 
no more praised than a popinjay, a pye, or a stare, when 
they speake featly. Sir T. Elyot. 
STA'RER, s. One who looks with fixed eyes. 
One self-approving hour whole years outweighs 
Of stupid s/arers, and of loud huzzas. Pope. 
STARETON, a hamlet of England, in the parish of 
Stoneleigh, Warwickshire. 
STA'RFISH, s. A fish branching out into several points. 
See Asteria. —This has a ray of one species of English 
starfish. Woodward. 
STARGARD, an inland town of Pomerania, situated in 
a pleasant and fertile district on the river Ihna, which falls, 
at the distance of 20 miles, into the Oder. It is surrounded 
with a wall, has three small suburbs, and about 8600 inha¬ 
bitants. It contains, on a small scale, manufactures of 
woollens, soap, and tobacco; also breweries and distilleries. 
It exports the corn of the neighbouring country by the Ihna, 
which is navigable without interruption to the Oder, and 
thence to the Baltic. Here are several schools for education 
on the usual plan; also one for teaching mechanical arts, 
on a more scientific plan than is generally done by masters 
to their workmen. Stargard suffered severely from war in 
the 16th and 17th centuries. In 1758 it was taken by the 
Russians; 21 miles east-by-south of Stettin. 
STARGARD, a lordship of Germany, in the grand 
Vol, XXIII. No. 1589. 
duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, which forms a very con¬ 
siderable part of that principality. Its superficiffl extent is 
6350 square miles; its population about 60,000. The chief 
town is Stargard or Old Stargard, a small place with 900 
inhabitants; 5 miles south-south-east of New Brandenburg. 
STARGARD, or Starograd, a small town of West 
Prussia, on the Fers; 27 miles south of Dantzic, and 41 
north of Culm. Population 2800. 
STA'RGAZER, s. An astronomer, or astrologer. In 
contempt.—A stargazer, in the height of his celestial ob¬ 
servations, stumbled into a ditch. L’Estrange. —A fish so 
called. Chambers. 
STA'RHAWK, s. [astur, Lat.] A sort of hawk. Ains¬ 
worth. 
STAR1TZA, a small town of the interior of European 
Russia, in the government of Tver, on the Wolga. It has 
3400 inhabitants, who carry on some traffic with St. Peters¬ 
burg, in corn and hemp ; 55 miles south-west of Tver. 
STARK, adj. [peape, Sax.; stark. Germ.; sterk, Teut. 
and sterkr, Icel., are all used for strong, robust. The use of 
stark for stiff is shewn under the etymology of the substan¬ 
tive starch.^ Stiff; strong; unbending; unyielding. 
Many a nobleman lies stark and stiff 
Under the hoofs of vaunting enemies. Shakspeare. 
Deep; full; still. 
Consider the stark security 
The commonwealth is in now; the whole senate 
Sleepy, and dreaming no such violent blow. B. Jonson. 
Mere; simple; plain; gross. 
To turn stark fools, and subjects fit 
For sport of boys, and rabble wit. Hudibras. 
STARK, adv. It is used to intend or augment the sig¬ 
nification of a word: as stark mad, mad in the highest 
degree. It is now little used but in low language. 
He is stark mad, who ever says 
That he hath been in love an hour. Donne. 
STARK, a county of the United States, in the east part 
of Ohio, which has Harrison and Tuscarawa counties on the 
south, Columbiana and Wayne counties on the east, and 
Portage on the north. The first settlement of this county 
commenced in 1806, since which time the emigration has 
equalled, if not surpassed, any thing ever witnessed in any 
part of the state. In 1815 the population was estimated at 
9450. 
STARKEA, in Botany, received that name from the pen 
of professor Willdenow, in honour of the Rev. Mr. Starke, 
a clergyman at Gros Tschirna, in Silesia, who has paid great 
attention to the cryptogamic plants of that country, and is 
the author of an essay on Byssus Jolilhus, in the first volume 
of Sims and Konig’s Annals of Botany. It is chiefly com¬ 
posed of the Linnaean Amellus ; which see. 
STARKENBACII, or Gilemnice, a small town in the 
north-east of Bohemia; 15 miles north-by-east of Gitschin, 
and 59 north-east of Prague. Population 1200. 
STARKENBURG, one of the three large provinces of 
which the grand duchy of Hesse-Darmstadt is composed. 
It lies between the Rhine and the Maine, the one forming 
the west, the other the north boundary. Its extent is about 
1060 square miles; its population nearly 200,000. It forms 
the southern part of the grand duchy, contains the Bergstrass, 
one of ihe most picturesque parts of Germany, and in the 
south-east a portion of the wild forest track called the Oden- 
wald. The mineral kingdom presents here no great variety. 
The vegetables consist of wheat, barley, oats, and flax; also 
of the fruits of the kind usual in this latitude, among which, 
in favourable situations, are vines. Offenbach is "the only 
manufacturing place in the province. The chief town is 
Darmstadt, the capital of the whole principality; but the 
province takes its name from a castle situated on an eminence 
in the Bergsstrass, near the town of Heppenheim. For reli¬ 
gion, manners, &c., see Hesse-Darmstadt. 
6 X 
STA'RKLY, 
