594 STOCKHOLM. 
STOCK GALAND, a parish of England, in Dorsetshire ; 
6 miles from Chard. 
STOCKGI'LLYFLOWER, s. A plant. See Leuco- 
IUM. 
STOCKHAM, a township of England, in Cheshire; 3 
miles north-east of Frodsham. 
STOCKHEIM. See Stocken. 
STOCKHEIM, a village of Bavaria, in the circle of the 
Lower Maine, near Melrichstadt, with 1200 inhabitants. 
STOCKHOLM, a large city, the capital of Sweden, is 
situated at the junction of the lake Macler with an inlet of 
the Baltic. The form of the town is an irregular oblong, 
extending from north to south, while the waters cross it in 
two channels from east to west. The situation is extremely 
picturesque, as well from the mixture of land and water, as 
from the unevenness of the ground, which rises at one place 
into gentle eminences, and at another is covered with abrupt 
rocks of granite. Nothing can surpass the view from the 
buildings on the higher grounds; churches, spires, public 
edifices, are all in prospect, and intermingled with the vessels 
at anchor, or sailing along the capacious channels, while 
the view is terminated by mountains. The lake is finely 
diversified with islands, some bare and craggy, others adorn¬ 
ed with trees, gardens, and villas. Stockholm is generally 
described as standing on seven islands, but it would be more 
correct to limit the number to three, viz., one large island to 
the southward called Sodermalm, a small one in the centre, 
another somewhat larger to the north-west, and a track on 
the mainland to the north, called Norrmalm. The smaller 
islands, or rather islets, contain only forts or buildings for 
naval purposes. The central island constituted the original 
city, and is still the most busy part of the town, its quays 
being bordered by a stately range of buildings, the residence, 
of the principal merchants. It contains the palace and other 
public buildings; but its houses being high, and its streets 
narrow, its appearance is somewhat gloomy, and a stranger 
experiences a pleasant change on crossing the great bridge to 
the northward, taking in his view the shipping to the right 
and left, and entering soon after on the long streets of the 
Norrmalm. Of these the principal is Queen-street, extend¬ 
ing in a straight line more than a mile from the observatory 
to the side of the lake. In this part of the town are the 
prince’s palace, the opera house, and, in the centre of a square, 
a bronze equestrian statue of Gustavus Adolphus. The streets 
are at right angles to each other, but several of them are nar¬ 
row and indifferently paved; a remark applicable also to the 
Sodermalm, or southern division of the city, which contains 
but few public buildings, but has, on an eminence called the 
Mount of Moses, a view displaying an assemblage of rocks, 
houses, plantations, ships, and water, in all the variety of 
romantic scenery. 
The number of bridges, great and small, in this capital, is 
twelve. The houses of Stockholm are built in the central 
part of the town, either of stone or of brick, covered with 
plaster. Their foundations are on piles; their height seldom 
less than four or five stories; but in the suburbs they are of 
only one or two stories, and a number of them are of wood. 
Public Edifices .—Of these, the principal is the royal 
palace, a large quadrangular structure, with a square or court 
in the middle. The situation is elevated, the style of the 
architecture grand but simple; so that it is accounted second 
to no palace in Europe, with the exception of that of Ver¬ 
sailles. The lower part of the walls is of polished granite, 
and though the upper part be of brick, a covering of Stucco 
gives it the appearance of stone; the roof, like that of a 
number of public buildings in Sweden, is of copper. The 
interior is elegantly ornamented. In one of the halls are 
preserved certain relics of antiquity, brought from Italy by 
Gustavus III. (father of the king deposed in 1809), com¬ 
prising a number of statues; among others the famous En- 
dymion, discovered in the Villa Adriana. At a short dis¬ 
tance from the palace, on the quays, stands a fine bronze 
statue of Gustavus III. raised on a pedastal of polished por¬ 
phyry. The palace, or house of assembling for the nobility 
during the sitting of the diet, is an elegant edifice, ornamented 
on the outside with marble statues and columns, in the inside 
with paintings and sculptures. The arsenal, situated in a 
pleasant promenade called the king’s garden, contains a 
number of trophies of the brilliant days of the Swedish 
monarchy, and other objects, interesting from their connection, 
with the history of the country. The bank, built at the ex¬ 
pense of the city, the mint, and the exchange, are all en¬ 
titled to the notice of a stranger. After this come the hotel- 
de-ville, the royal stables, the great depot or warehouse for 
iron, the hospitals and philanthropic institutions. The 
churches are substantial, and, in some cases, elegant build¬ 
ings; but it would be difficult to point out any one of them 
particularly remarkable for size, architecture, or decorations. 
Their spires are in general lofty. 
Literary Associations .—The literary societies of Stock¬ 
holm are numerous and respectable. The academy of sciences 
was founded in 1739, by a small association which counted 
Linnaeus among its members. At present it comprises 100 
native and 60 foreign members. The Swedish academy, 
founded by Gustavus III. in 1786, is on a more limited 
scale, comprising only 18 members, and confining its labours 
to the improvement of the Swedish language, and to fixing, 
by the composition of a grammar and dictionary, on the 
plan of the academy of France, the standard of vernacular 
composition. Next comes the academy of fine arts, history 
and antiquities; a military academy, a patriotic and an agri¬ 
cultural society, an academy for painting and sculpture, and 
finally, an academy of music. Here is also a medical college, 
exercising a superintendance over the medical establishments 
of the kingdom at large. Of collections, the most interesting 
are the royal library (about 40,000 volumes), the cabinet of 
minerals, the zoological cabinet. This city contains an un¬ 
usual number of private collections. 
Trade .—Stockholm is the mercantile emporium of the 
central part of Sweden—the place to which its products are 
brought for export, and where the greater part of the imports 
from abroad are deposited. Few harbours have greater 
depth or capacity, for a thousand sail of shipping may lie 
here in safety, and the largest of them may come close to 
the quays. The only drawback on the navigation arises 
from the number of small islands and detached rocks at the 
mouth of the inlet from the Baltic, and the delay occasion¬ 
ally experienced in coming up a winding channel from the 
sea, a distance of more than twenty miles, and which in 
one part is contracted into a narrow strait bordered by high 
rocks. To lessen the hazard of loss from casualities on the 
adjoining coast, or in the arms of the sea, there is at Stock¬ 
holm a singular institution called the “ Company of Divers," 
who are bound to give their aid at shipwrecks, and are 
entitled in return to a proportion of the goods saved. The 
number of vessels that enter the harbour annually is averaged 
at one thousand. The chief exports are the ponderous and 
bulky commodities of the north, viz., iron, steel, copper, 
pitch, tar, and timber; the imports, colonial produce, wine, 
fruit, salt, and, in a limited degree, British manufactures. 
The extent of inland trade becomes considerable even in this 
thinly peopled country, by the length of the lake, which 
extends sixty miles into the interior, with a much farther 
prolongation by the canals of Arboga and Stroemsholm. 
Iron and steel articles are the chief exports. The timber 
is not so large as that in the southern parts of the Baltic. 
The manufactures of Stockholm, without being on a large 
scale, are diversified, comprising iron foundries, glass works, 
sugar refineries; also leather, cotton, hats, stockings, silk, 
watches, clocks, mathematical instruments, articles of gold 
and silver. Plates are likewise made in this city, the only 
place of extensive manufacture in the kingdom, and com¬ 
puted to carry on two-thirds of the foreign trade of Sweden. 
Of late years the trade of the capital, as of the kingdom at 
large, has been greatly cramped by restrictions imposed 
partly in England, to favour the import of timber from 
Canada,, partly in Sweden, on the absurd calculation of 
promoting home industry, by prohibiting foreign manufac¬ 
tures. 
