S T O 
S T 0 
its antiquity may be inferred, from its giving name to one of 
the county wards. Stockton castle, on the south side of the 
town, was at one time inhabited by the Bishops of Durham, 
who were appointed to govern the whole province com¬ 
mitted to their care. This fortress was on the northern bank 
of the river Tees, and commanded an extensive prospect of 
the Cleveland hills and the intervening country. In the 
time of Charles I., it was garrisoned in behalf of the king, 
but afterwards fell into the power of the parliamentarians, 
who ordered it to be destroyed, and not a stone of the former 
edifice now remains. The only vestiges are the moat, which 
defended the castle on three sides, and a barn, which appears 
to have stood within the area of the works. In the year 
1327, the castle, and probably the town of Stockton, was 
nearly destroyed by the Scots. About the beginning of the 
last century, Stockton appears to have risen into celebrity, 
and its outward appearance to be considerably improved. 
The shock of an earthquake was felt here in 1780. Near 
the town, on the Tees, is a considerable salmon fishery 5 and 
at the mouth of the river is a fishery for cockles. Market 
on Wednesday and Saturday, and monthly cattle-fairs 5 21 
miles south-east of Durham, and 244 north of London. Lat. 
54. 34 N. long. 1. 16. W. 
STOCKTON, a parish in Salop ; 4J miles north-by-east 
of Bridgenorth. 
STOCKTON, a parish in Warwickshire; 2 miles north¬ 
east of Southam. 
STOCKTON, a parish in Wiltshire ; 6 miles north-east of 
Hindon. 
STOCKTON, a parish in Worcestershire; 8 miles south¬ 
west of Bewdley. 
STOCKTON, a parish in the North Riding of Yorkshire; 
5 miles north-east of York. 
STOCKTON, a parish in Norfolk; 3} miles north-west 
of 4 Beccles. 
STOCK WELL, a hamlet in Surrey; 2 miles from West¬ 
minster bridge, containing many neat villas, and a chapel of 
ease. 
STOCK WITH, East, a hamlet in Lincolnshire; 3 miles 
north-north-west of Gainsborough, on the river Trent. Po¬ 
pulation 203. 
STOCK WITH, West, a hamlet in Nottinghamshire, 
a mile distant from the foregoing, on the opposite side of the 
Trent. Population 569. 
STOCK WOOD, a parish in Dorsetshire; 8 miles south- 
south-west or Sherborne. 
STOC'KY, adj. Stout: a provincial word..—They had 
no titles of honour among them, but such as denoted 
some bodily strength or perfection; as, such an one 
the tall, such an one the stocky, such an one the gruff. 
Addison. 
STOCZEL, a small town in the interior of Poland, on 
the road from Warsaw to Lublin. 
STODDART, a township of the United States, in Cheshire 
county, New Hampshire; 44 miles west-south-west of Con¬ 
cord. Population 1132. 
STODDAY, a township in Lancashire; 2 miles south- 
south-west of Lancashire. 
STODDERTSVILLE, a post village of the United States 
in Luzerne county, Pennsylvania. 
STODDESDEN, a parish in Salop; 8 miles from Bridge- 
north. 
STODHART BAY, near the north-west point of the is¬ 
land of Jamaica, is to the east of Sandy bay, and between 
it and Lucea harbour. 
STODMARSH, a parish in Kent; 4J miles east-north¬ 
east of Canterbury. 
STODY, a parish in Norfolk; 3 miles south-west-by-south 
of Holt. 
STOEBE. [Srwftj of Dioscorides. Stoebe of Pliny], 
in Botany, a genus of the class syngenSsia, order polygamia 
segregata, natural order of nucamentacese corymbiferae 
(Jus$.)~r- Generic Character. Calyx: common roundish, 
imbricate: scales awl-shaped, covering the universal recep¬ 
tacle on every side. Perianth partial, one-flowered, five- 
Voi,. XXIII. No. 1593. 
597 
leaved, solitary within each scale of the common calyx, con¬ 
sisting of linear, acute, equal erect leaflets. Corolla proper, 
one petalled, funnel-form: border five-cleft, patulous. 
Stamina: filaments five, capillary, short. Anther cylindri¬ 
cal, five-toothed. Pistil: germ oblong. Style filiform, 
length of the stamens. Stigma acute, bifid. Pericarp none. 
Calyx unchanged. Seeds solitary, oblong. Down feathered, 
long. Receptacle proper, naked.— Essential Character. 
Calyx one-flowered. Corolla tubular, hermaphrodite. Re¬ 
ceptacle naked. Down feathered. 
1. Stoebe .ZEthiopica.-—-This, like all the rest, is a shrubby 
plant. The stem rises two or three feet high, sending out 
slender branches from the sides. Leaves short, linear, for 
the most part hooked, of a grayish colour, and placed irre¬ 
gularly round the branches. The flowers are produced in 
single heads at the end of the branches, and are of a pale 
yellow colour. The florets are single, and peep out between 
the scales of the calyx. It flowers in August, but seldom 
produces good seeds in England. 
2. Stoebe ericoides.—-Corollas two-flowered, difform. 
This is a distorted little shrub, like heath. Leaves clustered, 
linear, sharp. Flowers terminating, sessile. 
3. Stoebe prostrata.—Leaves resupine, tomentose on one 
side; stems prostrate. 
4. Stoebe gnaphaloides.—Leaves imbricate, pressed close. 
Stems shrubby, proliferous, rod-like, a foot and a half high ; 
with filiform branches. Flowers sessile, in bundles. 
5. Stoebe gomphrenoides.-—Leaves lanceolate, imbricate, 
pressed close; head terminating, sessile. This resembles the 
preceding very much. 
6 . Stoebe scabra.—Leaves twisted, pressed close, linear, 
rugged, with tubercles on the outside, tomentose within; 
flowers in racemes. 
7. Stoebe reflexa.—Procumbent; leaves linear; spikes 
ovate; branches ascending. 
8 . Stoebe rhinocerotis.—Leaves three sided, pressed close; 
branchlets tomentose, drooping; racemes proliferous. 
9. Stoebe disticha.-—Leaves in bundles, recurved; spikes 
bifarious.—All the species are natives of the Cape of Good 
Hope. 
Propagation and Culture. —These shrubby plants may 
be propagated by cuttings or slips, planted in July, upon a 
bed of soft loam, and covered close down with a bell or 
hand-glass, shading them from the sun till they have taken 
root; then gradually inure them to the open air, and after¬ 
wards take them up, and plant them in pots, placing them 
in the shade till they have taken new root: then place them 
in a sheltered situation with other tender exotic plants, and 
in autumn remove them into the dry stove. 
STOGUMBER, or Stoke Gomer, a parish in Somer¬ 
setshire; 6 miles north-by-east of Wiveliscombe. 
STOJANOW, a small town of Austrian Galicia, in the 
circle of Zolkiew. 
STO'IC, s. [Sra HKOf, Gr., from <;Taa, a porch.'] A dis¬ 
ciple of the heathen philosopher Zeno, who taught under a 
piazza or portico in the city of Athens; and maintained, 
that a wise man ought to be free from all passions, to be 
unmoved either by joy or grief, and to esteem all things go¬ 
verned by unavoidable necessity. 
The Stoick last in philosophic pride. 
By him called virtue; and his virtuous man. Milton. 
The world, according to the Stoics, including the whole 
of nature, God, and matter, subsisted from eternity, and 
will for ever subsist; but the present regular frame of nature 
had a beginning, and will have an end. The parts tend 
towards a dissolution, but the whole remains immutably the 
same. The world is liable to destruction from the pre¬ 
valence of moisture, or of dryness; the former producing 
an universal inundation, the latter an universal conflagration. 
These succeed each other in nature as regularly as winter 
and summer. When the universal inundation takes place, 
the whole suface of the earth is covered with water, and all 
animal life is destroyed; after which, nature is renewed, and- 
subsists as before, till the element of fire, becoming prevalent 
7 N in 
