STROMBUS. 
of the tail of this species are equal.—It is of the same general 
form with the preceding, but with rather shorter fins and 
tail, the lobes of the latter being both of equal length; the 
mouth is situated considerably beneath the muzzle, which is 
thick and round ; the colour of the whole animal is bright- 
silver, with a blueish or dusky tinge on the back and fins; 
the scales are small, thin, and easily deciduous.—It is a 
native of the same seas with the preceding, and is in equal 
estimation as an article of food. 
6. Stromateus niger, or black stromateus.—This species is 
entirely black. It is, however, very nearly allied to the 
former in shape, but the mouth is placed in the usual man¬ 
ner, the upper part of the muzzle not rising above it, as in 
that species; the colour of the whole animal is blackish, 
with a silvery cast about the breast and sides of the head; 
the scales are small, and the lateral line, as in others of the 
genus, is curved in the direction of the back.—It is a native 
of the Indian seas, and not regarded in much estimation as 
an article of food, on account of a popular prejudice enter¬ 
tained against it from its colour, as well as from its feeding 
on onisci, which are occasionally found in its mouth. 
Dr. Shaw observes, that there is a considerable degree of 
general resemblance between the habits of the genus stro¬ 
mateus and that of chaetodon ; but as the species of the 
stromateus are destitute of ventral fins, they cannot be placed 
in the same artificial order, and must rank among the apodes. 
“ The same is the case with some other genera which are 
naturally allied to fishes placed in very different orders. 
This forms the greatest objection to the Linnaean arrange¬ 
ment of fishes: it would, however, be difficult to prove that 
a more natural distribution would lead to a readier inves¬ 
tigation of the animals.” 
STROMAY, one of the smaller Hebrides, in the sound of 
Harris. 
STROMBERG, a small town of Prussian Westphalia, in 
the government of Munster; 24 miles west-by-north of 
Paderborn. 
STROMBOLI, the most northerly of the Lipari islands, 
in the Mediterranean. It belongs to Naples. Though small 
(only 10 miles in circumference), it produces very good 
wine. The climate, mild and pleasant in winter, is hot in 
summer, from the reflection of the rays of the sun from the 
strand. The inhabitants derive their subsistence partly from 
fishing, partly from the cultivation of wine and fruits. 
Stromboli has from time immemorial been remarkable for its 
volcanic eruptions, and is perhaps the only volcano whose 
fires are in a state of constant activity. Its mountain has 
two summits, one of great height, but the crater is on its 
side. The eruptions last for a few moments at a time, but 
recurring at short intervals, the flames are seen by night, at a 
great distance, and being of considerable service to naviga¬ 
tors, have procured this island the name of the great light¬ 
house of the Mediterranean. The matter thrown out consists 
of lava, ashes and stones; and each eruption is attended with 
an explosive noise ; 16 miles north-north-east of Lipari, and 
34 north of Melazzo, in- Sicily. Lat. 38. 58. N. long. 15. 
55. E. 
STROMBUS, in Natural History, a genus of the class 
vermes and order testacea. The Generic Character is, ani¬ 
mal alimax ; shell univalve, spiral; aperture much dilated; 
the lip expanding, and produced into a groove, leaning to 
the left. These shells in their younger state want the lip, 
and have a thin turbinate appearance; many of them there¬ 
fore, for this reason, have been mistaken by authors, and 
referred to a genus to which they do not belong. There 
are about forty-five species, divided into separate sections, 
according as the species have lips projecting, lobed, dilated, 
or tapering. 
I.—Lip projecting into linear divisions or claws. 
1. Strombus fusus.—Shell tapering, smooth, with a subu¬ 
late beak and toothed lip. It is found in the Red Sea ; re¬ 
sembles a murex, in having the beak rather straight; never¬ 
theless it approaches nearer the genus strombus, in being 
smooth, and having the lip toothed ; the shell is brown, and 
Von. XXIII. No. 1597. 
637 
transversely striate at the base; the pillar is white; the beak 
is black outwardly. 
2. Strombus pes pelecani, or corvorant’s foot.—Lip with 
four palmate angular claws; the mouth is smooth.—It is foun 
in the American and European seas; is about two inches long; 
thej shell is pointed; in colour it is whitish, cinereous, or 
reddish; within it is white, smooth, and polished; the 
whorls are tuberculate. 
3. Strombus chiragra.—Lip with six curved claws, and 
recurved beak. The shell is large, brown varied with white, 
the back tuberculate; lip striate; it has six claws, including 
the beak, which are long; the two hind-ones are divergent 
and bent outwards.—It inhabits the Indian ocean, and is very 
rare and valuable. 
4. Strombus scorpius.—Lip with four knotty claws, the 
hinder one is very long.—It inhabits the Indian ocean, and 
is four inches long. 
5. Strombus lambis.—Lip with about seven straightish 
claws, and a smooth mouth. There are four varieties of it. 
The shell is large, brown varied with white; the mouth is 
reddish ; claws not knotty.—It is found chiefly in Asia. 
6. Strombus millepeda.—Lip with ten inflected claws, and 
substriate mouth; the back is compressed and gibbous.—.It 
inhabits the southern coasts of Asia. 
7. Strombus clavus.—The shell of this species is tapering, 
smooth, with a subulate beak and a simple lip. 
II.—Lobed. 
8. Strombus lentiginosus.—Lip thickened, and three-lobed 
on the fore-part; the beak is warty, crowned with tubercles; 
the beak is obtuse. It is about three or four inches long and 
is found in Asia and America. 
9. Strombus fasciatus.—Lip entire; the back is crowned 
with three rows of protuberances, and is rosy between them. 
—It is found in divers parts of Africa. 
10. Strombus raninus..—Lip thin, rugged, repand above; 
back orange, transversely striate, and crowned with tubercles; 
the aperture is polished and white. 
11. Strombus gallus.—Lip mucronate cthe fore-part, 
and very long; the back is crowned with tubercles; the 
beak is straight. It is about six inches long. The shell is 
sometimes uniformly brown, yellow, or violet; sometimes it 
is varied with spots and rays; the back is surrounded with 
smooth ribs, which are sometimes simple, sometimes double; 
the first whorl is crowned with tubercles, which in the other 
whorls are more or less conspicuous.—It inhabits Asia and 
America. 
12. Strombus auris dianse.— Lip projecting to a sharp 
point; the back is muricate; the beak erect and acute. The 
shell is thick, and generally varied with colours.—It inhabits 
the southern coasts of Asia, and is three inches long. 
13. Strombus pugilis.—Anterior lip prominent, rounded, 
smooth ; the spire is spinous; beak three-lobed, obtuse.—It 
inhabits South America. 
14. Strombus alatus.—Anterior lip rounded, prominent, 
smooth: spire unarmed; beak three-lobed and obtuse. 
15. Strombus marginatus.—-Lip a little prominent; the 
back margined, smooth ; beak entire. 
16. Strombus luhuanus.—Lip a little prominent; back 
smooth; whorls rounded and equal.—This species is found 
on the southern coasts of Asia, and is about two inches and 
a half long. 
17. Strombus gibberulus.—Lip a little prominent; back 
smooth ; whorls gibbous, unequal. The shell is white, with 
numerous bands, spots, and clouds; the lip is striate within, 
and with the pillar it is partly blue and partly red.—It is 
found on the southern shores of Asia. 
18. Strombus oniscus.—Shell obovate, with knotty belts, 
and a subulate smooth projection.—This species is found in 
the South American ocean; and is about an inch long. 
III.—-Dilated. 
19. Strombus lucifer.—Lip rounded and entire on the fore¬ 
part ; the belly is doubly striate; spire crowned with tuber¬ 
cles ; the upper ones minute. The shell is variegated, resem- 
7 Z ' bling 
