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S T R 
S T R 
STRONGOLI, a small town in the south of the kingdom 
of Naples, in Calabria Ultra, with 1900 inhabitants. It is a 
place of great antiquity, for tradition declared it to have 
been built by Philoctetes, after his return from (he Trojan 
war; 16 miles south-south-east of Cariati Vecchia, and 47 
east of Cosenza. Lat. 39. 15. N. long. 17. 17. E. 
STRO'NGSET, adj. Firmly compacted.—As to his 
person, he is described to be of middle stature; his body 
strong-set and fleshy. Swift. 
STRO'NGWATER, s. Distilled spirits—Metals receive 
in readily strongwaters; and strongwatersAo readily pierce 
into metals and stones: and some will touch upon gold, that 
will not touch upon silver. Bacon. 
STRONGYLE, a mountain in the northern side of the 
island of Candia. 
STRONGYLUS, a genus of the class and order vermes 
intestina. The Generic Character is as follows: Body 
round, long, pellucid, glabrous; the fore-part is globular, 
truncate, with a circular aperture fringed at the margin; the 
hind-part of the female entire and pointed; in the male, it is 
dilated into loose, distant, pellucid membranes. There are 
only two species:— 
1. Strongylus equinus.—Head opaque; the intestine is 
black. The male worm is of a pale yellow, with a fine yel¬ 
lowish membrane covering the intestines; the tail is three- 
Jeaved, with a small spine or two: the female with white 
filiform vesicles surrounding the intestines.—It is found in 
the stomach of the horse in great numbers. 
2. Strongylus ovinus.—This, as its name imports, is found 
in the intestines of sheep. 
STRONSAY, one of the Orkney islands, on the coast 
of Scotland. It is 7£ miles long, by nearly as much in 
breadth, of a very irregular figure, deeply indented by the 
sea, and cut almost into three distinct islets. The coast is 
partly flat and partly rocky, having two remarkable promon¬ 
tories, Burrow-head on the south-east, and Rothiesholm 
or Rousom-head on the south-west. There are three sandy 
bays, which do not afford safe anchorage, on account of 
the low sunk rocks with which they are interspersed. These 
rocks, however, are the chief source of emolument to the in¬ 
habitants, from the immense quantity of sea-ware which 
they afford for the making of kelp: the island, on an 
average, produces 300 tons per annum. There are two 
safe harbours, viz.. Ling bay on the west side of the island, 
sheltered by the holm of Ling, and Papa sound, lying be¬ 
tween Stronsay and Papa Stronsay. The surface of the 
island is rugged, a ridge of low hills running its whole length 
from north to south. The soil is a dry friable blackish earth 
lying on a clay bottom, mixed with small stones, which in 
many places have been turned up by the plough, and render 
the soil very gravelly. Tracesof lead-ore were discovered many 
years ago on the west coast of the island; but the whole 
island consists of secondary rocks, unfavourable to the expec¬ 
tation of any workable vein. There is a chalybeate spring 
called the well of Kildinguie, which was in so high repute 
while the Orkneys were subject to Denmark, that persons 
of the first rank in that kingdom used to come over to drink 
its waters. There are the remains of four chapels on the 
island. It was in Stronsay, in the summer of 1722, that 
kelp was first manufactured in Orkney; and in the autumn 
of that year, Mr. James Fea, a landholder in this island, 
sailed for Newcastle with the first cargo of that article, which 
now brings into Orkney several thousand pounds sterling 
a-year. 
STRONSAY AND EDAY, a parish in Orkney, com¬ 
prehending the islands of Stronsay, Eday, Papa Stronsay, 
Fairay, and nine holms or pasture isles. Population of the 
parish in 1801, 1642; in 1811, 1444. 
STRONTIAN, or Strontianite [Strontiane carbo¬ 
natee of Hairy], a mineral composed of a peculiar earth 
combined with carbonic acid. See Mineralogy. 
STRONTIAN, a place of Scotland, in Argyleshire, in 
theparish of Ardnamurchan, noted for its lead mines. There 
is a small village erected for the accommodation of the miners. 
The mines of this place are famous for having given to the 
world a new species of earth, which is distinguished by the 
nameof strontian. The characters of this mineral are these: its 
colour is whitish or light green, its lustre common, its trans¬ 
parency intermediate between semi-transparent and opaque, 
its fracture striated, presenting oblong distinct concretions, 
somewhat uneven and bent; its hardness moderate, being 
easily scratched, but not scraped ; it is very brittle, and its 
specific gravity is from 3.4 to 3.644. Independent of 
tinging flame of a blood red colour, it is found to disagree 
with barytes in its order of chemical attraction, holding an 
intermediate rank betwixt barytes and lime. An hundred 
parts of strontites are composed of 60.21 of pure earth, 
30.29 of carbonic acid gas, and 8.59 of water. It was first 
discovered in 1720, and analyzed by Dr. Kirwart and Dr. T. 
C. Hope, of Edinburgh; 30 miles south-west of Fort 
William. 
STROOK. The preterite of strike, used in poetry for 
struck. Dr. Johnson. —And also in prose.—The Lord 
strook the child that Uriah’s wife bare unto David. 2 
Samuel. 
STROOM ROCK, a rocky islet in the strait of Sunda. 
Lat. 5. 51. S. long 105. 50. E. 
STROP, s. [j-cpopp, Sax.; strop, Teut.; strupus, Lat.] 
A piece of rope spliced into a circular wreath, and used to 
surround the body of a block, or for other purposes on board 
a ship. A leather on which a razor is sharpened. 
STROPHADiE. See Strivali. 
STROPHANTHUS [compounded of vtoo^o;, Gr., from 
o-Tjie^a, to twist, and av6o<;, a flower, alluding to the twisted 
segments of its corolla], in Botany, a genus of the class 
pentandria, order monogynia, natural order contortse, 
apocineae (Juss.J —Generic Character. Perianth inferior, 
of one-leaf, in five deep, ovate-oblong, acute segments. 
Corolla of one-petal, funnel-shaped; crowned in the throat 
with ten undivided scales; limb in five segments, each ter¬ 
minating in a very long, taper, more or less contorted, point. 
Nectary of five scales below the germen. Stamina: fila¬ 
ments five, awl-shaped, short, inserted into the middle of 
the tube; anthers erect, converging, arrow-shaped, pointed 
or awned. Pistil: germen of two lobes; style simple, 
thread-shaped, dilated upwards; stigma nearly cylindrical. 
— Essential Character. Corolla funnel-shaped, with 
ten undivided scales in the tube; segments of the limb 
with very long tails. Nectary of five scales below the 
germen. 
1. Strophanthus sarmentosus.—Smooth, trailing. Flowers 
aggregate, terminal and lateral, accompanying the leaves. 
Corolla nearly bell-shaped. Anthers with elongated capil¬ 
lary points —Gathered at Sierra Leone. 
2. Strophanthus laurifolius.'—Smooth. Leaves opposite 
or ternate. Flowers aggregate, terminal, coming after the 
leaves. Anthers with elongated capillary points.—Found 
at Sierra Leone. 
3. Strophanthus dichotomus, the Echites Caudata, 
of Linnaeus; which see. 
4. Strophanthus hispidus.—Very bristly. Tube of the 
corolla cylindrical, half as long as the calyx. Anthers 
acute, without points.—Gathered by Mr. Smeathman at 
Sierra Leone. 
STROPHE, s. [strophe, Fr.; arrgoprj, Gr.] A stanza.— 
The measure of verse used in the chorus is of all sorts, with¬ 
out regard had to strophe, antistrophe, or epode, which were 
a kind of stanzas framed only for the music. Milton. 
STROPHIARIUS, among the Romans, a person who 
prepared and made the strophia. See Strqphium. 
STROPHIUM, among the Romans, a short swarth or 
band, by which the young women kept down the swelling 
of their breasts. 
Strophium was likewise a bandage for the head, made 
of two or three garlands of flowers tied together. 
STROPHULUS, in Medicine. See Pathology. 
STROPPE, or Strobeck, a village of the Prussian 
states, in the principality of Halberstadt,with 600 inhabitants. 
STROPPEF, a small town of Prussian Silesia; 20 miles 
north-north-west of Breslau. 
STROPPIANA, 
