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S T R 
S T R 
immense forests that extend northwards from the mouth of 
the River Plata, and it has been found as far south as the 
Magellanic Straits. Formerly, these birds were more widely 
spread over South America; but, in proportion as popula¬ 
tion increased, these timid animals fled from their habita¬ 
tions, or became the victims to superior power. It is by far 
the largest bird in the new world. The adults are full six 
feet high, and the thighs of some of them have been known 
to equal that of a muscular man. It has a long neck, small 
head, and flat beak, that distinguish the black ostrich ; but 
in other respects it has a greater resemblance to the casso¬ 
wary. The shape of the body is oval; and when fully 
covered with feathers, approaches to rotundity. Its wings 
are so short as to be useless for flight, but, like those of the 
ostrich, probably afford assistance in running. The back 
and rump are covered with long feathers, which extend and 
form what, in this animal, is called the tail. The whole 
upper part of the body is covered with grey plumage, and 
the under with white. The toes are three, all before; be¬ 
hind there is a callous kind of heel, which supports the bird, 
and is supposed to assist it in running. It possesses the 
same velocity which characterises the former species, and its 
running is attended with a singular motion of its wings. It 
raises one for some lime above the body, and then drops it 
to erect the other, and hold it, for a while, in the same 
strange position. Such is their velocity, that the savages 
are obliged to lay snares in order to catch them: for they 
may, in vain, chace them with the swiftest dogs. 
The rhea shews the same indiscriminate voraciousness 
with the ostrich: and it is probable, that her eggs are hatched 
partly by the heat of the sun, and partly by incubation. 
The young, when first excluded from the shell, are so fami¬ 
liar, that they will follow the first person they happen to 
meet with ; but upon growing older, they acquire experience, 
and become more shy and suspicious. The flesh of the 
young rhea is reckoned good eating, but it might probably 
be much improved, and the race rendered more abundant, 
by domestication, as has been the case with the turkey and 
hen, which originally came from the torrid zone. The rhea 
defends itself with its feet, and calls its young by a kind of 
hiss. 
STRUTHIOLA [Dimin. from SryijuSTov, a sparrow ], in 
Botany, a genus of the class tetrandria order monogynia, 
natural order of vepreculce, thymelseae, (Juss.) —Generic 
Character. Calyx none, unless the corolla be taken for it. 
Corolla one-petailed, shrivelling. Tube filiform, elongated. 
Border four-parted, flat, shorter than the tube; segments 
ovate. Nectary eight glands, ovate, placed round the throat, 
surrounded with their proper pencil. Stamina: filaments 
four, very short, concealed within the tube. Anthers linear. 
Pistil: germ ovate. Style filiform, length of the tube. Stig¬ 
ma capitate. Pericarp coriaceous, ovate, one-celled. Seed 
one, sharpish. Allied to Passerina.— Essential Character. 
Corolla none. Calyx tubular, with eight glands at the 
mouth. Berry juiceless, one-seeded. 
1. Struthiola virgata.—Leaves lanceolate, striated; the 
upper ones ciliate; branches pubescent. This is a shrub 
with long rod-like branches, and four-cornered branchlets. 
Flowers sessile, solitary, long, coriaceous, red, silky-tomen- 
tose without. It varies with yellow flowers, in whitish mem¬ 
branaceous calyxes, and yellowish anthers dark yellow at the 
tips. Also with longer and shorter leaves. 
2. Struthiola nana.—Leaves linear, obtuse, hairy; flowers 
terminating, in bundles, tomentose. 
3. Struthiola juniperina.—Leaves linear, acute, spreading; 
corollas and calyxes naked. 
4. Struthiola erecfa.—Leaves linear, smooth; branches 
smooth, four-cornered. 
5. Struthiola ovata.—Leaves ovate, smooth; branches 
smooth, wrinkled.—This and all the preceding are natives 
of that inexhaustible magazine of shrubby plants, the south¬ 
ern promontory of Africa. They may be increased by 
cuttings. 
STRUTT (Joseph), an artist and antiquary, the son of a 
miller at Springfield, in Essex was born there in 1794, 
and in 1764 apprenticed to the ingenious but unfortunate 
engraver, W. Wynn Ryland. In 1770, he became a stu¬ 
dent at the Royal Academy, where he obtained the gold 
and silver medals. Connecting antiquities with the prac¬ 
tice of engraving, he published, in 1773, a work entitled 
“ The Regal and Ecclesiastical Antiquities of England,” 
containing representations of all the English monarchs 
from Edward the Confessor to Henry VIII. and of many 
distinguished personages in their reigns, in their appropriate 
costumes, taken trom illuminated MSS., and accompanied 
with remarkable passages of history. To this succeeded 
“ A complete View of the Manners, Customs, Arms, Ha¬ 
bits, &c. of the English, from the Arrival of the Saxons 
to the Reign of Henry VIII., with a short Account of the 
Britons during :he Government of the Romans,” in 3 vols. 
1774, 1775, 1776, witli 157 plates. In 1777 and 1778, he 
published a “ Chronicle of England," designed to extend to 
six volumes, but discontinued for want of encouragement. 
His “ Biographical Dictionary of Engravers” next appeared 
in 2 vols., 1785, 1786, with 20 plates. His other works are 
“ A complete View of the Dresses and Habits of the people 
of England from the establishment of the Saxons in Eng¬ 
land to the present time,” in 2 vols. 1796, 1799, with 143 
plates. “ The Sports and Pastimes of the People of England,” 
1801, with 40 plates. The decline of his health constrained 
Mr. Strutt to leave the metropolis in 1790, and to reside at a 
farm near Hertford, where he engraved a number of plates for 
an edition of the “ Pilgrim’s Progress.” His disposition 
being benevolent and religious, he founded a Sunday school 
at the neighbouring village of Tewin, and devoted much 
time to reforming the morals of the inhabitants. He after¬ 
wards returned to London, where he died in 1802, with an 
estimable character for moral worth, and for indefatigable 
industry in elucidating the antiquities of his country. His 
style of engraving, in which he followed his master, Ryland, 
was that of dots in imitation of chalk, producing an effect 
of much softness and harmony. Nichols's Liter. Ante. 
STRU'TTER, s. One who swells with stateliness; one 
who is blown up with self-conceit; a bragger—We have 
seen what a mere nothing it is, that this strutter has pro¬ 
nounced with such sonorous rhetorick. Annot. 
STRU'TTINGLY, aclv. With a strut; vauntingly. Co/f- 
grave and Sherwood. 
STRUVE, Point, a cape of Ireland, on the coast of 
the county of Donegal, a little to the south of Inishowen 
Head. 
STRUYS BAY, a bay at the southern extremity of Af¬ 
rica, to the east of Cape Agulhas. It extends nearly 100 
miles to Cape Infant, and affords good anchorage, but no 
shelter, except from north-westerly winds, and is exposed to 
a continued swell and strong current. 
STRY, a circle of Austrian Poland, lying in the east of 
the province, between Hungary and the circle of Lemberg. 
It is one of the largest in Galicia, having a superficial extent 
of 3100 square miles, with 174,000 inhabitants. Its ap¬ 
pearance differs completely in the south and north, the 
former consisting almost entirely of mountains, the latter 
of extensive plains. A single large river (the Dniester), 
traverses it, first from west to east, and afterwards from north 
to south ; and it is intersected in various directions, particu¬ 
larly in the east and south, by smaller streams. 
STRY, or Stryi, a small town of Austrian Galicia, the 
capital of the above circle, stands on a small river of the 
same name, which divides here into a number of branches 
forming small islands. It is surrounded with a wall and 
ditch, has a castle, a Catholic and a united Greek church, 
with a circular school, and 5500 inhabitants; 35 miles 
west-north-west of Halicz, and 42 south of Lemberg. 
STRYCHNINE, s. [from the Gr. the name 
Dioscorides gave the datura stramonium, but which we 
now apply to a different plant], an extract of a virulently 
poisonous nature, which is made from the nux vomica, the 
bean of Ignatius, or the poison of Java. It is of an alka¬ 
line nature, and so intensely bitter that it affects the palate 
when diluted with 10,000 times its weight of water. A 
sixteenth 
