S T R 
S T U 
sixteenth part of a grain lias been found to paralyse a dog 
in four or five minutes, and kill him in half an hour. 
It does not seem, according to Majendie’s experiments, to 
have a direct influence on the brain, but to coniine its ac¬ 
tion to the spinal marrow; the lower extremities being in¬ 
variably paralyzed. 
STRYCHNOS [Strychnon of Pliny. Gr. of 
Dioscorides], in Botany, a genus of the class pentandria, 
order monogvnia, natural order of luridse, apocineae (Juss.) 
—Generic Character. Calyx: perianth five-parted, very 
small, deciduous. Corolla one-petalled : tube cylindric; 
border spreading, five-cleft, acute. Stamina: filaments five, 
length of the corolla. Anthers simple. Pistil: germ round¬ 
ish. Style simple, longer than the stamens. Stigma thickish. 
Pericarp : berry brittle, globular smooth, very large, one- 
celled, full of pulp. Seeds orbicular, depressed, villose, 
radiant, with villose hairs towards the periphery.— Essential 
Character. Corolla five-parted. Berry one-celled, with a 
woody rind. 
1. Strychnos nux vomica, or poison-nut.—This is a mid¬ 
dling sized tree, with the trunk short and crooked, but pretty 
thick, and the branrhes irregular: both are covered with a 
smooth ash coloured bark. Leaves opposite, on short pe¬ 
tioles, round oval, shining, smooth on both sides, entire, 
three-five-nerved, differing in size, from one and a half to 
four inches long, and from an inch to three inches broad. 
Stipules none. Flowers small, greenish white, collected in 
small terminating umbels. Berry the size of a pretty large 
apple, covered with a smooth somewhat hard shell, of a rich 
beautiful orange-colour when ripe, filled with a soft jelly-like 
pulp Seeds from two to five, immersed in the pulp.—Na¬ 
tive cf the East Indies. The wood is hard and durable, and 
is used for many purposes by the natives. 
2. Strychnos colubrina.—Leaves ovate, acute; tendrils 
simple. The Indian botanists contend that this is not a 
different species from the preceding.—Native of the East 
Indies. 
3. Strychnos potatorum.—Leaves opposite, ovate, acute, 
quintuple-nerved, veined; cymes axillary. This is a tree 
with opposite branches. 
STRYEN, a large and well built village of the Nether¬ 
lands, in south Holland, with nearly 2000 inhabitants; 6 
miles south-south-west of Dort, and 12 south-south-east of 
Rotterdam. 
STRYICOW, a small town in the west of Poland ; 59 
miles west-south-west of Warsaw, and 21 east-south-east 
of Lenezicz. Population 1500, the half of whom are 
Jews. 
STRYMON, or Carassu, a river of European Turkey, 
in Romania, the ancient Thrace , which takes its rise in the 
hill of Scomius, and after a course of more than 50 miles, 
discharges itself into the gulf of Contessa. It flows through 
a fruitful valley. 
STRYMON A, a small town of European Turkey, in 
Romania, on the river Strymon. 
STRYNOE, a small island of Denmark, about two miles 
from tbe west coast of Langeland. Lat. 54. 54. N. long. 
10. 38. E. 
STRYP, a small town of the Netherlands, in North Bra¬ 
bant, a little (o the north of Eyndhoven, with 900 inhabit¬ 
ants. 
STRYPE (John), a voluminous writer, of German extrac¬ 
tion, was born in the parish of Stepney, near London, in 
the year 1643, educated at St. Paul’s school, and in 1661 
entered at Jesus college, Cambridge, from whence he re¬ 
moved to Catharine-ball. In 1669 he became Master of 
Arts, and taking orders, was nominated to the perpetual 
curacy of Theydon-Boys, in Essex, and being afterwards 
appointed minister of Low Layton, in the same county, he 
retained this office during the whole of his life. Having 
access to the numerous MSS. of Sir Mich. Hickes, secretary 
to lord Burleigh, he availed himself of them in his subse¬ 
quent writings on historical antiquities, to which, probably 
in consequence of this circumstance, he becanre zealously 
647 
attached. His first publication in this department of litera¬ 
ture was entitled “ Ecclesiastical Memorials, relating chiefly 
to Religion, and the Reformation of it under Henry VIII., 
Edward VI., and Queen Mary I.,” in 3 vols. folio, with an 
appendix to each volume, consisting of original papers, re¬ 
cords, &c. The last of these volumes, which were printed 
in succession, appeared in 1721. The publication of his 
“ Annals of the Reformation of the Church of England,” 
in 4 vols. fob, began in 1701, and were completed in 1731. 
the last volume being merely a collection of original papers 
His much augmented edition of “Stow’s Survey of London;” 
in 2 vols. fol. was published in 1720. The historical part 
of this work was brought down to his own time, and he 
added maps of all the wards, and illustrative plates, besides 
various other improvements. In the department of biogra¬ 
phy, he published separately, in folio volumes, the lives of 
archbishops Cranmer, Parker, Griudal, and Whitgift, and 
in three octavo volumes, the lives of Sir John Cheke, Sir 
Thomas Smith, and bishop Aylmer. In these works he 
manifested an industry and correctness, which claimed the 
respect of prelates and learned persons of his own time, and 
procured lor him several small benefices in the church, 
though he was never advanced to any very high rank. He 
was lor many years lecturer of Hackney, where he spent the 
latter part of a life, prolonged, notwithstanding his uninter¬ 
mitted course of study, to the uncommon age of 94. His 
death happened in December, 1757. Of his works Dr. 
Birch observes, that “ his industry and fidelity wall always 
give a value to his numerous writings, however destitute of 
the graces, and even uniformity, of style, and the art of con¬ 
necting facts.” Bioor. Brit. 
STRZELISKE-NOWA, a small town of Austrian Po¬ 
land ; 37 miles south-east of Lemberg. 
STRZELNO, a small town of Prussian Poland, between 
the Lake Goplo and the river Netz, with ] 100 inhabitants; 
30 miles south-south-west of Thorn, and 12 south of Inow- 
raclaw. 
STUART (James), commonly called Athenian Stuart, 
rose from an obscure origin, by his talents and industry, to 
distinguished eminence. His father was a native of Scot¬ 
land, and a mariner of humble station, and his mother a 
native of Wales. Their son was born in London in 1713; 
and his parents, though poor, yet respectable in character, 
gave him the best education which their limited means 
would allow. Being one of four children, left destitute at 
their father’s death, he was employed, at an early age, in 
drawing and painting, and contributed to the support of his 
mother and family, by his ingenuity in designing and 
painting fans, for a shop in the Strand. By his own per¬ 
severing but unaided efforts, he gained an accurate know¬ 
ledge of anatomy, geometry, and the other branches of 
mathematics. He also studied the Latin and Greek lan¬ 
guages ; and made himself acquainted with most of the 
sciences. Urged by a strong desire to seek knowledge 
and improvement in foreign countries, he first settled 
a brother and sister in a situation, which would afford 
them a comfortable subsistence, and then, with a very 
scanty stock of money, set out on a pedestrian tour 
to Rome. In passing through Holland and France, he 
occasionally stopped in order to recruit his exhausted 
purse by the exercise of his talents. Having arrived 
at Rome, he formed an intimate acquaintance with 
Mr. Nicholas Revett, a skilful architect. These two 
friends studied together for several years, and in 1748 con¬ 
certed apian for visiting Athens; and having obtained re¬ 
quisite encouragement, they quitted Rome in 1750, and first 
visited Venice; and hence they took their course to Pola, in 
Istria ; and when they had examined the interesting remains 
of antiquity in this place, they returned to Venice. In the 
beginning of the year 1751 they sailed for Zante, and thence 
to Corinth, and in the month of March reached Athens. 
Here they employed themselves, till the latter part of the year 
1753, in making drawings and taking measures of the archi¬ 
tectural remains to which they had access. At Athens Mr. 
Stuart 
