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S T U 
Stuart became acquainted with Sir Jacob Bouverie and Mr. 
Dawkins ; and the latter, in particular, took pleasure in 
affording him and his companion patronage and encourage¬ 
ment. From Athens the two artists went to Salonica, where 
they copied the remains of a fine Corinthian colonnade. 
Having visited several islands in the iEgean sea, on their 
way to Smyrna, they returned to England in the beginning 
of the year 1755. In the year 1762, the first volume of the 
result of their labours was published under the title of “ The 
Antiquities of Athens measured and delineated, by James 
Stuart, F.R.S. and S.A., and Nicholas Revett, Painters and 
Architects,” fol. This work was received with great ap¬ 
plause by the lovers of art and antiquity; and though it had 
been anticipated by the publication of M. Le Roy, which 
surpassed it in picturesque beauty, yet its superior truth and 
depth of research gave it a more solid and permanent 
value. Mr. Stuart, after his return, obtained distinguished 
patronage in his profession as architect. Lord Anson, who 
was at the head of the Admiralty, conferred upon him the 
office of surveyor of Greenwich Hospital, which he occupied 
till his death He was twice married : the second time, at 
the age of 67 years, to a very young lady, by whom he had 
four children. The death of one of these, who resembled 
himself both in mind and body, and who manifested an ex¬ 
traordinary talent for drawing at the age of three years, was 
followed by the rapid decline of the fathers health, who 
died in 1788, in the 76th year of his age. Two additional 
volumes of the “ Antiquities of Athens,” were published after 
his decease; the second, in 1790, by Mr. Newton ; and the 
third, in 1794, by Mr. Ravely. Gen. Biog. 
_ STUART (Gilbert), LL.D., the son of a professor in the 
University of Edinburgh, where he was born cither in 1742, 
or 1745 ; the date of his birth being uncertain. He was 
originally intended for the profession of the law; but having 
acquired reputation, and the degree of LL.D., by an “ His¬ 
torical Dissertation concerning the Antiquity of the British 
Constitution,” he cast his lot among those who are, pro¬ 
fessedly, writers. With these views he came to London, and 
and for some time contributed to the Monthly Review; but 
disappointed in his expectations, he returned to Edinburgh 
in 1774, and commenced a magazine and review bearing the 
name of that city. Soon after he gained an increase of 
reputation by publishing “ A View of Society in Europe, in 
its Progress from Rudeness to Refinement,” of which an 
enlarged edition in 4to., appeared in 1778. His “ Observa¬ 
tions concerning the Public Law and Constitution in Scot¬ 
land,” were published in 1779. In this work he introduced 
a somewhat invidious reflection on Dr. Robertson, charac¬ 
terising him as being “ no-where profound ;” and indeed 
he seems to have been jealous of this distinguished historian’s 
literary fame. Disappointed as candidate for the professor¬ 
ship of public law in the University of Edinburgh, his feel¬ 
ings were farther irritated; and from that time his leading 
object appears to have been to set himself in opposition to 
Robertson, and to depreciate his merits. In 1780 he pub¬ 
lished “ The History of the Establishment of the Reformation 
of Religion in Scotland,” which has been regarded as a 
spirited and tolerably impartial view of the important 
events which it details. This was followed, in 1782, 
by “ The History of Scotland, from the Establishment 
of the Reformation till the Death of Queen Mary,” 2 
vols. 4to. 
As the rival of Robertson, he enlists himself in this work 
among the warmest partisans of Queen Mary. How far he 
succeeded in his attempt for vindicating this unfortunate 
queen, it is not our province to determine; but his work was 
less popular than its opponent; and one of his biographers 
says, that though “ he was not deficient either in acuteness 
or in diligence, he appears to have been wanting in the moral 
qualities essential to a writer of history.” From this time, 
and after his removal to London, where he was employed in 
some periodical publications, his conduct subjected him to 
censure and reproach, and terminated in an incurable disease, 
under which, after his return to his native country, he sunk 
in 1786. “ He possessed,” says the writer of his life already 
cited, “strong, if not brilliant talents: but his principles 
were lax, and his temper such as procured him many more 
euemies than friends. Gen. Biog. 
STUARTIA. [This genus was named by Linnaeus in 
honour of the late Lord Bute], in Botany, a genus of the 
class monadelphia, order polyandria, natural order of colum- 
niferse. tiliaceae (Juss) —Generic Character. Calyx: pe¬ 
rianth one-leated, half-fi*e-cleft, spreading; segments ovate, 
concave, permanent. Corolla: petals five, obovate, spread¬ 
ing, equal, large. Stamina: filaments numerous, filiform, 
united into a cylinder below, shotter than the Corolla, con¬ 
necting the petals at the base. Anthers roundish, incumbent. 
Pistil: germ roundish, hirsute. Style simple, filiform, 
length of the stamens. Stigma five-cleft. Pericarp : pome 
juiceless, five-lobed, five-celled, soluble into five closed 
parts. Seeds solitary, ovate, compressed.— Essential Cha¬ 
racter. Calyx simple. Style simple, with a five-cleft stig¬ 
ma. Pome juiceless, five-lobed, one-seeded, opening five 
ways. 
1. Stuartia malacodendron.—Flowers lateral, subbinate*; 
calyxes ovate, obtuse ; styles conjoined. This shrub grows 
naturally in Virginia, where it rises with strong ligneous 
stalks, to the height of ten or twelve feet, sending out 
branches on every side coveied with a brown bark, and 
garnished with oval spear-shaped leaves, about two inches 
and a half broad : they are sawed on the edges, are pretty 
much veined, and stand alternately. 
2. Stuartia pentagyna.—Flowers solitary, axillary; ca¬ 
lyxes calyculate and lanceolate ; styles distinct. This is an 
elegant shrub, rising to the height of about nine or ten feet: 
the root is woody and branching : the stem erect, branched, 
and covered with a chinky ash-coloured bark. The flowers 
are axillary, solitary, scarcely peduncled, of a snow-white 
colour, tinged on the outside with a reddish and greenish 
cast: they are very sweet scented, and consist of seven or 
eight unequal petals.—Native of Virginia: appears to have 
been formerly confounded by Linnaeus with the preceding 
species. 
Propagation and Culture. —Sow the seeds, which fre¬ 
quently fail when brought to England, either from not being' 
properly impregnated, or duly ripened. When the plants 
come up, ihey are very difficult to maintain while young; 
for if they are exposed to too much sun, they will soon be 
destroyed, nor do they thrive when exposed to the open air. 
The seeds therefore should be sown under glasses, and the 
surface of the ground between the plants should be covered 
with moss to keep it moist, and the glasses should be con¬ 
stantly shaded when the sun is bright. With this manage¬ 
ment the plants will grow, but not make any great pro¬ 
gress. 
STUART’S ISLAND, an island near the north-western 
shore of America, about six or seven leagues in circuit. It 
is in general low, though some parts rise to a tolerable height. 
Lat. 63. 35. N. long. 162. 30. W. 
STUART'S ISLAND, an island near the west coast of 
North America, at the entrance of Bute’s canal, in the gulf 
of Georgia. Lat. 50. 24. N. long. 236. 9. E. 
STUARTSBURG, a post village of the United States, 
iu Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania. 
STUB, s. [jeeb, jxyb, Saxon ; stubbe, Sueth, from 
sti/bba, (or stubba *) to lop, to cut off. Serenius. Stobbe 
is the Teut. and also our word in some parts of the north.] 
A thick short stock left when the rest is cut off 
We here 
Live on tough roots and stubs, to thirst inur’d,— 
Men to much misery and hardship born. Milton. 
A log; a block.—-You shall have more ado to drive our 
dullest and laziest youth, our stocks and stubs, from the in¬ 
finite desire of such a happy nurture, than we have now to 
haul our choicest wits to that asinine feast of sow-thistles and 
brambles. Milton. 
To STUB, v. a. To force up; to extirpate. 
The 
