658 
STY 
flower .—Style is the middle prominent part of the flower of 
a plant, which adheres to the fruit or seed: ’tis usually slen¬ 
der and long, whence it has its name. Quincey. 
To STYLE, v. a. To call; to term; to name.—The 
Chancellor of the Exchequer they had no mind should be 
styled a knight. Clarendon. 
STYLE, in Chronology, denotes a particular manner of 
accounting time, with regard to the retrenchment of ten days 
from the calendar, in the reformation made of it under Pope 
Gregory XIII. See Calendar. 
Style is either old or new. 
Style, Old, is the Julian manner of computing, which 
obtains in some Protestant states, who refused to admit of the 
reformation. 
Style, New, is the Gregorian manner, followed by the 
Catholics, and others, in consequence of that reformation. 
The Julian, or old style, agrees with the Julian year, 
which contains 365 d 6 h . 
The Gregorian, or new style, agrees with the true solar 
year, which contains only 3654 5 h 48 m 45§s. 
STYLEMAN POINT, the north-west point of Port 
Snertisham, on the west coast of North America. Lat. 57. 
53. N. long. 226. 22. E. 
STYLEPHORUS, in Ichthyology, a genus of fishes of 
the order Apodes. The Generic Character is as follows: 
The eyes are pedunculated, standing on a short, thick cy¬ 
linder; the snout is lengthened, directed upwards, retrac¬ 
tile towards the head by means of a membrane; the mouth 
is without teeth; it has three pair of gills beneath the 
throat; the pectoral fins are small ; dorsal as long as the 
back; the caudal short, with spinous rays; the body is very 
long, and compressed. 
This very singular genus, which consists of a single 
species, was first described in the year 1788, from a spe¬ 
cimen at that time introduced into the Leverian museum, 
and figured in the first volume of the Linneean Transac¬ 
tions. 
Stylephorus chordatus, or silvery stylephorus.—The head 
of this extraordinary animal bears a distant resemblance to 
that of the genus Syngnathus ; which see. The rostrum 
or narrow part, which is terminated by the mouth, is con¬ 
nected to the back of the head by a flexible leathery dupli- 
cature, which permits it to be either extended in such a 
manner that the mouth points directly upwards, or to fall 
back, so as to be received into a sort of case formed by 
the upper part of the head. The eyes are placed at the 
top of the head : these are of a form very uearly ap¬ 
proaching to those of the genus Cancer, except that the co¬ 
lumns or parts on which each eye is placed are much broader 
or thicker than in that genus; they are also placed close to¬ 
gether, and the outward surface of the eye, when magnified, 
does not show the least appearance of a reticulated structure. 
The colour of the eyes, as well as of the columns on which 
they stand, is a clear chesnut-brown, with a sort of coppery 
gloss. Below the head, on each side, is a considerable com¬ 
pressed semicircular space, the fore-part of which is bounded 
by the covering of the gills, which covering seems to consist 
of a single membrane, of a moderately strong nature. Be¬ 
neath, on each side, are three small pair of branchiae. The 
body is extremely long, and compressed very much, and 
gradually diminishes as it approaches to the tail, which ter¬ 
minates in a string or process of an enormous length, and 
finishes in a very fine point. This string, or caudal process, 
is strengthened throughout its whole length, or at least as far 
as the eye can trace it, by a sort of double fibre or internal 
part. The pectoral fins are very small, and situated almost 
immediately behind the cavity, on each side the thorax. 
The dorsal fin, which is thin and soft, runs from the head to 
within about an inch and a half of the tail, when it seems 
suddenly to terminate ; perhaps, in the living animal, it may 
proceed quite to the tail. From this point commences a 
smaller fin, which constitutes part of the caudal one. The 
caudal fin is furnished with five remarkable spines, the roots 
or originations of which may be traced to some depth in the 
thin part of the tail. The general colour of this fish is a 
STY 
rich silver, except on the flexible part belonging to the ros- 
trum, which is of a deep brown: the fins and caudal process 
are also brown, but not so deep as the part just mentioned. 
There is no appearance of scales on this fish. It was from 
the singular figure and situation of the eyes, that it was named 
the Stylephorus; the name chordatus was taken from the 
extraordinary thread-like process of the tail. It is a native 
of the West Indian seas, and was taken between Cuba and 
Martinico, near a small cluster of little islands about nine 
leagues from shore, where it was observed swimming near 
the surface. The whole length of this uncommon fish, from 
the head to the extremity of the caudal process, is about 
thirty-two inches, of which the process itself measures 
twenty-two. 
STYLlDEiE, in Botany, a natural order, established by 
Mr. R. Brown, Prodr. Nov. Holl. and named from its 
principal genus. See Stylidium. 
STYLIDIUM [so called by Sir J. E. Smith], in Botany, 
a genus of the class gynandria, order diandria, natural order 
campanulaceee (Juss.) —Generic Character. Calyx: pe¬ 
rianth superior, of one leaf, in two deeply separated lips, 
one divided, the other three-cleft, permanent. Corolla, of 
one petal; tube cylindrical, various in length, often crowned 
with glands; limb in five unequal, ovate-oblong, spreading 
segments, one of them a kind of lip, much smaller than 
the rest, and usually deflexed, mostly accompanied with a 
small appendage, on each side, at the base. Stamina: co¬ 
lumn linear, longer than the limb, approximated to the lip, 
curved and recurved, irritable underneath, flying over to the 
other side of the flower when touched, its summit then be¬ 
coming deflexed; anthers sessile at the top, of two vertical 
lobes, subsequently greatly divaricated, bursting longitudi¬ 
nally. Pistil: germen inferior, roundish-ovate; style none, 
except the column ; stigma between the anthers, and at first 
covered by them, afterwards rather prominent, obtuse, undi¬ 
vided. Pericarp: capsule ovate-oblong, or linear, of two 
cells and two valves, with a parallel incomplete partition. 
Seeds: numerous, small.— Essential Character. Calyx 
two-lipped, superior. Corolla tubular, five-cleft. Stigma 
undivided, between the anthers. Capsule incompletely 
two-celled. 
This is chiefly a New Holland genus, and highly re¬ 
markable for the irritability of the column in every species, 
as far as has been observed. That part, when touched un¬ 
derneath, at its outer curvature, flies over, by a sudden spring, 
to the opposite side of the flower, thus scattering the pollen, 
with force, upon the stigma. No flower can be more truly 
gynandrous, than Stylidium. 
1. Stylidium pilosum, or hairy-stalked stylidium.—Stalk 
somewhat branhed, clothed with glandular hairs. Leaves 
flat, lanceolate-swordshaped.—Native of the south part of 
New Holland. 
2 . Stylidium armeria, or thrift-leaved stylidium.—Leaves 
linear-sword-shaped, entire. Stalk smooth. Cluster simple, 
downy. Lip without an appendage.—Found by Labillar- 
diere at Cape Van Diemen. 
3. Stylidium graminifolium, or grass-leaved stylidium.— 
Leaves linear, finely toothed. Flowers nearly spiked. 
Whole flower-stalk hairy. Lip with appendages at the base. 
•—Native of the neighbourhood of Port Jackson, New Hol¬ 
land. 
4. Stylidium lineare, or linear stylidium.—Leaves thread¬ 
shaped, compressed, minutely toothed. Cluster simple. 
Partial flower-stalks nearly as long as the germen. Common 
stalk smooth, slender. Lip with appendages at the base.-— 
Found near Port Jackson. 
5. Stylidium luteum, or yellow stylidium.—Stalk smooth, 
without a joint. Bracteas whorled below; scattered and 
distant above—Leaves radical, linear. Calyx-lips rather 
gibbous at the base. Mouth of the corolla crowned; its 
lip without appendages.—Gathered by Mr. Brown, on the 
south coast of New Holland. 
6 . Stylidium scandens, or climbing stylidium.—Stem 
climbing. Leaves linear, tipped with a spiral tendril. 
Mouth of the corolla crowned; lip with appendages. Co¬ 
lumn 
4 
