STY 
tioa is practised extensively; a course necessary in a country 
of great summer heat, and facilitated by the command of 
water from the high grounds. 
Styria has long been remarkable for the care bestowed on 
its cattle. They are in general of middle size, but well 
shaped. They are driven in summer to the highest parts of 
the mountains, where after passing the warm season, they 
return to the plains in autumn. Stall feeding is practised 
here, as in Bavaria and the rest of the south of Germany. In 
sheep, at least in the improvement of wool, the Styrians 
have not yet succeeded, and their horses are fitter for draught 
than for the saddle. Poultry is abundant, and is sent in 
quantities to Vienna. 
Minerals. — Styria produces abundance of minerals. 
Coal is found in many places, and mines of it are wrought 
in several; but it is at present less used in mines and forges 
than it is likely to be when the forests shall be diminished. 
Almost all the metals are found in Styria, but in very differ¬ 
ent quantities; gold, silver, and copper, hardly defray the 
expense of mining: lead is less scarce; but the great pro¬ 
duce is of iron. The mountain of Erzberg, situated in the 
north of Styria, was well known to the Romans. Instead of 
veins and strata, it presents a solid mass of ore, which has 
been wrought without intermission for eleven centuries; and 
although nearly 13,000 tons of pure iron have been obtained 
annually from it for a number of years, it hardly appears 
diminished, and the restriction in the quantity made, arises 
chiefly from the limited supply of fuel. At the small town 
of Turroch is a mine producing the celebratad Prescian steel 
used by the Romans for making sword blades. The other 
mines, though less rich, are not inconsiderable; and the 
total annual produce of iron in Styria is from 16,000 to 
20,000 tons. Salt is still more abundant, particularly at 
Ausse, on the borders of Austria proper, from which almost 
any quantity might be produced, were the demand greater, 
and were the supply of fuel increased. Cobalt, arsenic, and 
molybdena, occur in Styria; but zinc, antimony, and bis¬ 
muth, are rare. 
Manufactures and Trade .—Of the manfactures of Styria, 
the principal are derived from the mines. The country con¬ 
tains in all 200 forges, and about 30 manufacturing esta¬ 
blishments, in which it is computed that 300,000 sickles, and 
a still larger quantity of scythes, are made annually. Next 
to these come the copper forges, and the various preparations 
of sulphate of iron, alum, saltpetre, earthenware, gunpowder, 
and sulphur. These, however, almost complete the list of 
Styrian manufactures. The flax raised in this country is 
either made into coarse linen, or exported unwrought. The 
women are much employed in the fields, and little in spin¬ 
ning. The exports from Styria consist of metals, corn, wine, 
flax, clover seed, cattle; the imports, less bulky, but not less 
varied, comprise woollens, linens, silks, tobacco, oil, and 
groceries of all kinds. 
The Styrians have the hospitality, the frankness, the simple 
habits of an agricultural people, but they are as yet very im¬ 
perfectly educated, though parish schools have been esta¬ 
blished in the principal villages. As to religion, the great 
majority are Roman Catholics; the Protestants enjoy a full, 
the Jews but a limited toleration. In regard to government, 
like almost all nations of northern origin, the Styrians have 
a parliament under the name of States, composed of four 
orders—the higher clergy, the nobility, the deputies from 
the landholders, and the deputies from the towns. 
History. —Our first accounts of this province are from 
Pliny and Strabo, who considered its inhabitants as descended 
from the Boii and Taurisci. They are described as complete¬ 
ly uncivilized, and as harassing the adjoining provinces by 
their incursions, till the reign of Tiberius, (A.D. 8.) when 
Styria was subdued, and included in the extensive province 
of Noricum. During the period of its remaining in the 
hands of the Romans, considerable improvements took place, 
towns being built at the more important stations, tillage dif¬ 
fused throughout the country, and in the 4th century Chris¬ 
tianity introduced. But this pleasing prospect was over¬ 
cast by the irruption of the northern hordes; and Styria 
Von. XXIII. No. 1598. 
S U A 661 
was almost as unfortunate in repeated invasions as the ad¬ 
joining provinces of Illyria and Pannonia. In the reign of 
Charlemagne, a tribe of barbarians submitting to his arms, 
fixed themselves on the banks of the Drave, the Save, and 
the Muhr; and from these are descended the Wends, now 
found in these districts. History records an invasion of south¬ 
ern Germany by the Magyars, the conquerors of Hungary 
and their expulsion from the limits of empire by Otho I. in 
933. The reconquered territory was divided into a number 
of principalities, one of which called the county of Steyr, 
rose by gradual grid successive augmentations to its present 
extent; its ruleis obtaining the title of Margraves, and after¬ 
wards of Dukes. In 1172 it was annexed to Austria, and 
has since been governed either by the sovereign of that 
country, or by a member of his family. 
STYRUM, a village and castle in the Prussian states, near 
the Rhine, on theRoer; 4 miles east-north-east of Duisburg, 
It gives title to a family which has borne a conspicuous part 
in the history of the Netherlands, and whose representative 
was active in the counter-revolution of Holland in 1814. 
To STY'THY, ». a. See To Stithy. 
STYX, in Mythology, a river of Hell, or Ades, over 
which was the passage called the hateful passage, from the 
previous region or suburbs of the realms of death into 
Erebus. 
The Styx is properly a fountain in Arcadia, which flows 
from a rock, and then forms a stream, that continues for a 
long time buried under ground; its water was mortal, and 
this circumstance, according to Pausanias, gave occasion to 
the poets to make it a river or lake in hell. 
SUABIA, the former name of one of the ten circles or 
great divisions of Germany. This country, situated in the 
south-west of the empire, was bounded on the west by 
France, on the south by Switzerland, the Rhine forming the 
limit between it and both. The population of Suabia has 
long exceeded 2,500,000; and its soil, with the exception 
of the rugged and mountainous track called the Black Forest, 
is in general fertile, yielding wheat, barley, oats, hemp, flax, 
and, in warm situations, vines. The pasturages also are ex¬ 
tensive and good. Of the mountainous parts, the wealth 
consists in mines and timber, which is floated down the 
Neckar and Rhine to Holland. 
Suabia is supposed to have derived its name from the 
Suevi, a German tribe who settled here about the time of 
Julius Caesar. It was erected into a dukedom by the Franks 
in the fifth century, and continued to be thus governed until 
the thirteenth, when the reigning family became extinct. 
After the extinction of the ducal title, Suabia: did not con¬ 
stitute, like Saxony or Bavaria, a single state, but was divided 
among a number of petty princes. Austria possessed here a 
territory, or rather several separate districts, containing in 
all a population of 170,000; but these have been renounced 
or exchanged. The Bavarian dominions at present extend 
over a part of the east of Suabia, but the chief part of the 
circle forms the kingdom of Wirtemberg and the grand 
duchy of Baden. A smaller portion is subject to the princes 
of Hohenzollern. See under their respective heads these 
territories, which now form the only independent govern¬ 
ments in Suabia. 
SUACHA, a settlement of New Granada, in South America; 
9 miles south of Santa Fe, containing 100 houses. 
To SUADE, v. a. [suader, old Fr.; suadeo, Lat ] To 
persuade. Not in use. —Flee then ill -sivading Pleasure’s 
baits untrue. Grimoald, 
To SUAGE, v. a. To assuage. See To Swage.— 
Suacre the tempestes. Bp. Fisher. 
SUAITA, a settlement of New Granada, in South America, 
in the province of Velez. 
SUAKIN, a sea-port town of Nubia, on the western coast 
of the Red Sea. The Turks obtained possession of it at the 
same time that they occupied the opposite coast of Arabia, 
They still retain it, but their power is circumscribed within 
the limits of the island on which the town is situated, and 
they dare not even set foot on the mainland. In the 15th 
century Suakin was a place of great wealth and importance, 
8 F the 
