668 SUB S U B 
instrumental]y useful. Sense is subservient unto fancy, 
fancy unto intellect. Grew. 
SUBSE'XTUPLE, adj. [sub and sextuplus, Lat.] Con¬ 
taining one part of six. 
To SUBSI'DE, v. n. [subsido , Lat.] To sink ; to 
tend downwards. It is eommonly used of one part of a 
compound, sinking in the whole. 
He shook the sacred honours of his head: 
With terror trembled heaven's subsiding hill, 
And from his shaken curls ambrosial dews distill. Dryden. 
SUBSIDENCE, or Subsi'dency, s. The act of sink¬ 
ing ; tendency downward.—This gradual subsidence of the 
abyss would take up a considerable time. Burnet. 
SUBSIDIARILY, adv. In an assisting way. Sher¬ 
wood. 
SUBSI'DIARY, adj. [subsidiaire, Fr., subsidiarily, 
Lat.] Assistant; brought in aid.—Bitter substances burn 
the blood, and are a sort of subsidiary gall. Arbuthnot. 
SUBSI'DIARY, s. An assistant.—Which deceitful con¬ 
sideration drew on Pelagius himself, that was first only for 
nature, at last to take in, one after another, five subsidiaries 
more. Hammond. 
To SU'BSIDIZE, v. a. To furnish with a subsidy. 
SU'BSIDY, s. [ subside , Fr., subsidium, Lat.] Aid, 
commonly such as is given in money.—They advised the 
king to send speedy aids, and with much alacrity granted a 
rate of subsidy. Bacon. 
To SUBSI'GN, v. a. [subsigno, Lat., soubsigner, Fr.] 
To sign under.—Neither have they seen any deed before the 
conquest, but subsigned with crosses and single names with¬ 
out surnames. Camden. 
SUBSIGNA'TION, s. [ subsignaiio , Lat.] Attestation 
given by underwriting the name.—The epistle with subsig- 
nation of the scribe and notary. Sheldon. 
To SUBSI'ST v. n. [ subsister , Fr., subsisto, Lat.] To 
be; to have existence. To continue; to retain the present 
state or condition.—The very foundation was removed, and 
it was a moral impossibility that the republic could subsist 
any longer. Swift. —To have means of living; to be main¬ 
tained.—He shone so powerfully upon me, that like the 
heat of a Russian summer, he ripened the fruits of poetry in 
a cold climate; and gave me wherewithal to subsist in the 
long winter which succeeded. Dryden. —To inhere; to 
have existence by means of something else.—Though the 
general natures of these qualities are sufficiently distant from 
one another, yet when they come to subsist in particulars, 
and to be clothed with several accidents, then the discern¬ 
ment is not so easy. South. 
To SUBSI'ST, v. a. To feed; to maintain.—We des¬ 
cry millions of species subsisted on a green leaf, which 
your glasses represent only in crowds and swarms. Addi¬ 
son. 
SUBSISTENCE, or Subsistence, s. [ subsistance , 
Fr.] Real being.—Not only the things had subsistence, 
but the very images were of some creatures existing. Stil¬ 
ling fleet .—Competence ; means of supporting life.—His 
viceroy could only propose to himself a comfortable sub¬ 
sistence out of the plunder of his province. Addison. — 
Inherence in something else. 
SUBSI'STENT, adj. [subsistens, Lat.] Having real 
being.—Such as deny spirits subsistent without bodies, will 
with difficulty affirm the separate existence of their own. 
Brown. —Inherent.—These qualities are not subsistent in 
those bodies, but are operations of fancy begotten in some¬ 
thing else. Bentley. 
SU'BSTANCE, s. [substance, Fr., substantia, Lat.] 
Being; something existing ; something of which we can 
say that it is. 
The strength of gods, 
And this empyreal substance cannot fail. Milton. 
That which supports accidents.—Every being is consi¬ 
dered as subsisting in and by itself, aud then it is called a 
substance; or it subsists in and by another, and then it is 
called a mode or manner of being. Watts. —The essential 
part.—It will serve our turn to comprehend the substance, 
without confining ourselves to scrupulous exactness in] form. 
Dig by. —Something real, not imaginary; something solid, 
not empty. 
He the future evil shall no less 
In apprehension than in substance feel. Milton. 
Body; corporeal nature.—Between the parts of opaque 
and coloured bodies are many spaces, either empty or re¬ 
plenished with mediums of other densities; as water between 
the tinging corpuscles wherewith any liquor is impregnated, 
air between the aqueous globules that constitute clouds or 
mists, and for the most part spaces void of both air and 
water; but yet perhaps not wholly void of all substance 
between the parts of hard bodies. Newton. —Wealth ; 
means o'f life.—He hath eaten me out of house and home, 
and hath put all my substance into that fat belly of his, 
but I will have some of it out again. Shalcspeare. 
SUBSTANTIAL, adj. [ substantielle, Fr.] Real; ac¬ 
tually existing.—If this atheist would have his chance to be 
a real and substantial agent, he his more stupid than the 
vulgar. Bentley. —True; solid; real; not merely seeming. 
O blessed ! blessed night! I am afraid. 
Being in night, all this is but a dream ; 
Too flattering sweet to be substantial. Shalcspeare. 
Corporeal; material.—The sun appears flat like a plate of 
silver, the moon as big as the sun, and the rainbow a large 
substantial arch in the sky, all which are gross falsehoods. 
Watts. —Responsible ; moderately wealthy ; possessed of 
substance.—The merchants and substantial citizens cannot 
make up more than a hundred thousand families. Addison . 
SUBSTA'NTIALS, s. Essential parts. Unused. — 
Although a custom introduced against the substantials of an 
appeal be not valid. 
SUBSTANTIALITY, s. The state of real existence.—■ 
Corporeity; materiality.—Body cannot act on any thing 
but by motion ; motion cannot be received but by quantity 
and matler: the soul is a stranger to such gross substantia¬ 
lity, and owns nothing of these. Glanville. 
SUBSTANTIALLY, adv. In manner of a substance; 
with reality of existence.—In him his father shone— sub- 
stantially express’d. Milton. —Strongly; solidly.— 
Having so substantially provided for the North, they 
promised themselves they should end the war that summer. 
Clarendon. —Truly; solidly; really; with fixed purpose.— 
The laws of this religion would make men, if they would 
truly observe them, substantially religious towards God, 
chaste and temperate. Tillotson. —With competent wealth. 
SUBSTA'NTIALNESS, s. The state of being substantial. 
—Firmness; strength ; power of holding or lasting.—When 
substantialness combineth with delightfulness, fulness, with 
fineness, how can the language which consisteth of these 
sound other than most full of sweetness ? Camden. 
To SUBSTANTIATE, v. a. To make to exist.—The 
accidental of any act is said to be whatever advenes to the 
act itself already subtantiated. Ayliffe. 
SUBSTANTIVE, s. [substantif, Fr., substantivum, 
Lat.] A noun ; the name of every mental conception 
that is perfect in itself.—Claudian perpetually closes his 
sense at the end of a verse, commonly called golden, or two 
substantives and two adjectives with a verb betwixt them to 
keep the peace. Dryden. 
SU'BSTANTIVE, adj. [substantivus, Lat.] Solid; 
depending only on itself. Not in use. —He considered how 
sufficient and substantive this land was to maintain itself, 
without any aid of the foreigner. Bacon. —Betokening 
existence.—One is obliged to join many particulars in one 
proposition, because the repetition of the substantive verb 
would be tedious. Arbuthnot. 
SU'BSTANTIVELY, adv. As a substantive. 
To SUBSTITUTE, v. a. [substituer, Fr., substitutus, 
from sub and statuo, Lat.] To put in the place of another. 
—In the original designs of speaking, a man can substitute 
none for them that can equally conduce to his honour. Gov . 
of the Tongue. 
SUBSTITUTE, 
