S U F 
679 
S U F 
crops commonly cultivated are wheat, barley, oats, rye, 
beans, pease, buck-wheat, cole-seed, turnips, clover, trefoil, 
white clover, and sainfoin. Buck-wheat forms a very valu¬ 
able crop on sandy soils, and is more common on these, 
even on the poorest, than in many other parts of England. 
Cole-seed is one of the principal productions of the fen dis¬ 
trict, and, as food for sheep, is said to exceed turnips, both 
as to fattening and milk. The culture of turnips prevails in 
this county, almost as much as in Norfolk. Various other 
crops are raised in particular spots. A district called the 
Sandlands, lying between Woodbridge, Saxmundham, and 
Orford, is famous for its carrots, which have been raised 
here in great quantities for upwards of two centuries. For¬ 
merly they used to supply the London market, but they are 
now principally used as food for draught horses, for which 
purpose they are peculiarly adapted. Hops are raised in 
small quantity at Stow Market and neighbourhood, and 
cabbages for cows generally in the heavier land. Hemp is 
raised in a district about 10 miles in breadth, extending from 
Eye to Beccles, and is superior to that of Prussia. It is 
woven on the spot, into cloth of various degrees of fineness. 
Lucerne and chicory are also raised in the county. The cul¬ 
tivation of potatoes is little attended to. The management 
of the arable land, and the courses of crops, vary consider¬ 
ably in different districts. In strong soils, where manure is 
plenty, the best rotation is, first fallow, second wheat, third 
beans, fourth barley, fifth clover, and sixth wheat. On the 
rich loam and sand, the most usual course is, first turnip, 
second barley, third clover, and fourth wheat. On the said 
districts, turnips are every where the preparative, both for 
corn and grass. In the fenny district, cole-seed is usually 
sown after paring and burning; and after two successive oat 
crops, the land is laid down in grass for six years. Several 
new agricultural implements have been introduced into this 
county, and the use of threshing machines is extending. 
Suffolk is by no means remarkable for its grass lands, either 
in point of fertility or management; and this branch of hus¬ 
bandry is, on the whole, rather neglected here. Irrigation is 
very little practised. The district which was more pecu¬ 
liarly the seat of the dairies, lies near Framlingham, and 
extends about 20 miles by 12; but the late high price of 
corn induced the ploughing up of a great quantity of pas¬ 
ture. The butter made here is chiefly used in this and the 
adjoining county of Essex, and is annually about 10,000 
firkins. Much cheese is also made; but being only supple¬ 
mentary to the butter, it is of an inferior quality. The Suf¬ 
folk cows have long been celebrated for their abundance of 
milk, which, in proportion to the quantity of food, and size 
of the animal, exceeds that of any other kind in the king¬ 
dom. They are all of the hornless or polled breed, are of a 
small size, few rising, when fatted, to 50 stone, at 14 pounds 
each. The best milkers are in general red brindled, or of a 
yellowish cream colour. They yield of milk from four to 
six gallons a-day. The practice of feeding them on cab¬ 
bages, formerly universal, is now on the decline. In some 
parts of the county black cattle are bought from north coun« 
try drovers, to eat up the turnips. Some of these are Irish, 
others Welch, but most of them Scotch, of different breeds. 
After being fattened, they are sent to the metropolis. The 
sheep, of which large flocks are kept in the county, were, 
till of late years, almost entirely of the Norfolk breed. The 
South Down, however, which were introduced by Mr. 
Young, are now very prevalent, and, from their superior 
qualities, have superseded the former. Mr. Young calculates 
the number of sheep kept in the whole county at 240,000. 
Suffolk is no less noted for its breed of horses, than for its 
cows. These are found in the highest perfection in the 
maritime districts, extending to Woodbridge, Debenham, 
Eye, and Lowestoff. Of hogs, the short white breed in the 
cow district has great merit. Poultry is kept here in abun¬ 
dance, especially turkeys, for which the county is nearly as 
much celebrated as Norfolk. Great quantities of pigeons 
are reared in the open fields, in that part of the county bor¬ 
dering on Cambridgeshire. Suffolk contains many rabbit 
warrens, especially in the western sand district. One near 
Brandon is reckoned to relurn above 40,000 rabbits in a 
year. Of late years, however, considerable tracts occupied 
by them, have been converted into arable and pasture land. 
The waste lands in this county Mr. Young estimates at 
100,000 acres, comprehending sheep walk, commons, war¬ 
rens, &c.; most of which are capable of improvement. 
Though this is one of the earliest inclosed counties, it still 
contains very large tracts of open field land. It contains 
few woods or plantations of consequence. The commerce 
and manufactures of Suffolk have been long on the decline, 
and are now inconsiderable. Com and malt are the prin¬ 
cipal exports, and the imports are chiefly for the supply of 
the county with the articles of ordinary consumption. 
Lowestoff is noted for its herring fishery. The spinning 
and carding of wool was formerly carried on to a great 
extent all over this county; but this has been in a great 
measure transferred to Yorkshire. At Sudbury there is a 
manufactory of serges, and also a small silk manufactory. 
This town was one of the first seats of the Flemings. Some 
calimancoes are still made at Lavenham. At the time of 
the Roman invasion, Suffolk belonged to the Tiene, and 
afterwards formed part of the province of Flavia Caesari- 
ensis. At the conquest it was divided by the conqueror 
among his principal officers. 
Population returns:— 
Houses... 37,851 
Inhabitants .234,211 
Families employed in agriculture . 26,406 
-in trade and manufactures . 15,180 
Other families. 6,048 
SUFFOLK, a county of the United States, in Massachu¬ 
setts, comprising only two towns, Boston and Chelsea. Po¬ 
pulation 34,381. 
SUFFOLK, a county of the United States, in New York, 
on the east part of Long Island, bounded north by Long 
Island sound, east and south by the Atlantic, and west by 
King’s county. It comprises about two-thirds of the island. 
This county is much indented by its numerous creeks and 
bays, from many of which other small ones extend in arms, 
which have local names, and these form coves, points, 
heads, and necks, which are almost innumerable. The land 
on the north side, or next the sound, is considerably broken 
and hilly, though the soil is better than in the interior, 
where there is more woody plains; on the south side more 
loamy and level. Deer still abound in the extensive forests 
of pine in the interior; and Long Island is justly celebrated 
for the great variety of its wild fowl and game for sportsmen. 
Population 21,113. The chief towns are River-head, Sag- 
harbour, Satauket, and Huntington. 
SUFFOLK, a post township of the United States, and 
capital of Nansemond county, Virginia, on the river Nan- 
semond. It contains a court-house and a jail. The river 
is navigable to this place for vessels of 250 tons; 85 miles 
south-east of Richmond. Population 350. 
SUFFO'SSION, s. [.suffossio , Lat.] The act of digging 
under.—Those conspiracies against maligned sovereignty, 
those suffossions of walls, those powder-trains. Bp. Hall. 
SU'FFRAGAN, s. [suffragant , Fr., suffraganeus, Lat.] 
A bishop considered as subject to his metropolitan.—The 
four archbishops of Mexico, Lima, S. Foy, and Dominico, 
have under them twenty-five suffragan-bishops, all liberally 
endowed and provided for. Heylin. — Suffragan-bishops 
shall have more than one riding apparitor. Ayliffe .—An 
assistant bishop: this is the more proper sense of the word. 
By an act, 26 Hen. VIII. suffragans were to be denominated 
from some principal place in the diocese of the prelate, 
whom they were to assist.—-For a bishop to have a coadjutor, 
or, as the statute calls him, a suffragan to assist him, was 
no new thing, but of ancient use in England before Henry 
the Eighth.—Such suffragan, or coadjutor, was to have no 
revenue or jurisdiction in his diocess, whose suffragan ha 
was; save what the bishop should by commission under his 
seal allow him. Bp. Barlow. 
SU'FFRAGANT, adj. [ suffragans , Lat.] Assisting; 
concurring 
