S U R 
765 
S U R 
procured of various sizes, from 10 inches thickness to 72 
superficial feet. There are large quarries of lime-stone near 
Dorking, which afford lime equal in purity and strength to 
any in the kingdom, and which is particularly serviceable in 
the construction of works under water. Lime-stone is also 
dug and burnt in various other parts. Chalk is abundant, 
and is in general use as a manure. The sand is in great 
request for hour-glasses; and the brick earth produces those 
articles denominated fire-bricks, from their property of 
resisting heat. Camden and Evelyn notice jet-pits in 
Surrey, but no traces of them can be now discovered. 
Rivers.— The principal rivers of this county are the Wey, 
the Mole, and the Wandle; whilst the Thames also washes 
its northern border. The former streams, after watering the 
county in different directions, finally discharge themselves 
into the Thames. A considerable branch of the Medway 
rises in the parishes of Godstone and Horne, and passing 
through the parish of Lingfield, quits Surrey, and enters 
Kent. The river Loddon skirts Surrey on its west side; its 
waters are used for the supply of the Basingstoke canal. In 
the western and south-eastern parts of the county are several 
ponds, some of which are preserved as stew-ponds, to keep 
fish to supply the London market. The mineral waters of 
Surrey were at one period in very high repute, but are now 
wholly neglected. This county is in general well furnished 
with springs; but for wells it is sometimes found necessary 
to perforate to the depth of 300 feet. 
Surrey may be considered inferior in agricultural improve¬ 
ment to many other districts. The drill husbandry has not 
found many followers, except in the west part of the county, 
in some parts of which it is very general. The produce of 
wheat is from two to five, and sometimes six quarters an 
acre, and that of barley from four to seven and a half. The 
latter is used only for malting, for which purpose it is reck¬ 
oned equal in quality to any in the kingdom. The climate 
of Surrey seems to be less favourable to oats than to wheat 
or barley. As the former is often grown on foul land, the 
produce is sometimes very low, not exceeding three quarters 
per acre; but when sown on clean ley, or after turnips, it 
frequently yields from six to eight quarters. Garden peas 
and beans are cultivated in the immediate neighbourhood of 
the metropolis and the sandy loams near the Thames, about 
Mortlake; while the field varieties of both are extensively 
grown in most other parts of the county, and especially on 
the chalk hills. Turnips are here raised in large crops. 
Hops are largely cultivated about Farnham, where they 
occupy about 900 acres. The crops which are only partially 
cultivated in Surrey are those of cabbages, potatoes, lucerne, 
and grass, of which latter it has a much smaller proportion 
than most other counties in England. Carrots, clover, sain¬ 
foin, and hops, are extensively cultivated; and a greater 
quantity of land is employed in raising physical herbs, than 
in any other shire in Britain. Those which are chiefly 
reared are peppermint, lavender, camomile, aniseed, liquo¬ 
rice, and poppy. Upwards of 350 acres of land in Surrey 
are thus given to medicinal purposes. The whole quantity 
of garden ground employed for the London market in this 
county, amounts to about 3500 acres. Surrey is not cele¬ 
brated for any particular kind of cattle. The Holderness, 
or short-horned breed of cows, is preferred, of which there 
are kept about 600, for the supply of London with milk. 
Rearing of calves for the market of the metropolis was once 
a common employment in this county, but this system is 
now disused. The cattle chiefly bred in Surrey are sheep, 
oxen, and hogs; many geese are also kept on the commons, 
and in the Weald. Within the last 10 or 12 years, large 
tracks of the heath-lands have been inclosed and cultivated; 
before which period it was calculated that nearly one-sixth 
part of Surrey was in this unprofitable state. The whole 
amount of waste lands is still computed at about 73,000 
acres. 
It has been ascertained, that the first locks used in 
England were those erected on the river Wey, in Surrey. 
This county contains four canals, entitled the Basingstoke, 
Vot. XXIII. No. 1606. 
which runs from that place to the Wey ; the Wey and Arun 
Junction canal, which falls into the Wey about a mile 
above Guildford, thus opening a direct communication with 
the sea ; the Surrey, which communicates with the Thames 
at Rotherhithe; and the Croydon, which commences there, 
and enters the Surrey canal at Deptford. 
The situation of this county being contiguous to the 
capital of the Roman settlements in Britain, numerous an¬ 
tiquities are found within its limits. St. George’s Fields, 
Southwark, where coins and pavements have been found at 
different periods, was the centre of several Roman ways: 
Remains of Roman encampments are to be seen on 
Holmbury hill, in the parish of Ockley, about two miles to 
the west of the Stanestreet; and on Bottle Hill, in the parish 
of Warlingham, near another military way, which also bore 
the denomination of Stanestreet, and passed through the 
eastern part of the county. But the most extensive work of 
this nature is that of St. George’s Hill, near Walton-on-the- 
Thames. Here Caesar seems to have encamped, previous to 
his crossing the Thames at Coway Stakes, so named from 
the contrivance of the Britons to obstruct his passage over 
that river. At Walton-on-the-Hill, also, great quantities of 
Roman bricks and other relics have been discovered within 
an inclosure of earth work; and on Blackheath are the 
remains of a Roman temple, surrounded with embank¬ 
ments. Various other military antiquities are to be found in 
Surrey. 
Surrey is divided into thirteen hundreds, which together 
contain one county town, fourteen boroughs and market 
towns, and 140 parishes, all of them in the diocese of 
Winchester, with the exception of nine parishes, which are 
peculiars of the see of Canterbury. According to the po¬ 
pulation report of 1811, the number of houses in the whole 
ceunty was 55,484, and that of the inhabitants 323,851. 
In 1821 the number of males amounted to 189,871; of 
females to 208,787. Surrey is represented in parliament by 
fourteen members; two for the county, and two for each of 
the boroughs of Southwark, Guildford, Ryegate, Haslemere, 
Blechingly, and Gatton. 
To SURRO'GATE, ». a. [surrogo , Lat.] To put in 
the place of another.—By the report of a French writer, very 
ancient, king Pepine of France was surrogated into the 
place of Childericke by the whole nation of the Franckes. 
Proceed, against Garnet. 
SU'RROGATE, s. [surrogatus , Lat.] A deputy; a 
delegate; the deputy of an ecclesiastical j udge.—The quality 
of surrogates. Const, and Canons Eccl. 
SURROGA'TION, s. [surrogatio , Lat.] The act of 
putting in another’s place. Cockeram .—This St. Peter 
gives as the reason why there should be a surrogation and 
new choice of an Apostle to succeed into the room of Judas 
the tray tor, viz.. That he might be a witness with them of 
the resurrection. Killingbeck. 
SURROOL, a town of Bengal, district of Birbhoom. 
The East India Company have or had here a. factory for 
white cottons. Lat. 25. 39. N. long. 87. 42. E. 
To SURROU'ND, v. a. [surronder, Fr.] To environ; 
to encompass; to enclose on all sides. 
Yelling monsters that with ceaseless cry, 
Surround me, as thou sawest. Milton. 
SURRY, a post township of the United States, in Han¬ 
cock county, Maine; 257 miles north-east of Boston. Po¬ 
pulation 360. 
SURRY, a township of the United States, in Cheshire 
county, New Hampshire; 62 miles west-south-west of Con¬ 
cord. Population 564. 
SURRY, a county of the United States, in Virginia, 
bounded north by Prince George county and James river, 
north-east by Isle of Wight and Southampton counties, and 
south-west by Sussex county. Population 6855, including 
3440 slaves. 
SURRY, a county of the United States, in the north-west 
9 I part 
