s 
The common hog is found, either in a wild or domestic 
state, in almost all the temperate parts of Europe and Asia ; 
but it is not met with in the most northern parts of these 
continents. It is found in many parts of Africa. Dr. Shaw 
remarks, that it is not indigenous to the British isles ; hut 
Mr. Pennant asserts that the wild boar was formerly a native 
of this country, as appears from the laws of Hoel dda, who 
permitted his grand huntsman to chase that animal from the 
middle of November to the beginning of December. Wil¬ 
liam the Conqueror punished with the loss of eyes those 
that were convicted of killing the stag, or the roe-buck; and 
it is asserted by Fitz-Stephens, that the vast forest which in 
his time grew on the north side of London, was the retreat 
of stags, wild boars, and bulls. 
The wild boar inhabits woods, living on various kinds of 
vegetables, such as roots, mast, acorns, &c. It also occa¬ 
sionally devours animal food: it is in general considerably 
smaller than the domestic hog, and is of a dark brindly-grey 
colour, sometimes blackish; but when only a year or two 
old, it is of a pale red or dull yellowish-brown cast; and 
when quite young, it is marked with alternate dusky and 
pale stripes, disposed longitudinally on each side the body. 
Between the bristles, next the skin, is a finer or softer hair, 
of a woolly or curling nature. The snout is somewhat 
longer in proportion than that of the domestic animal; but 
the principal difference is in the superior length and size of 
the tusks, which are often several inches long, and capable 
of inflicting the most severe and fatal wounds. 
Of the tame hog, white is the most general colour; but 
other colours are often intermixed in various proportions. 
In some respects, the hog seems to form an intermediate link 
between the whole and the cloven-footed animals; in others, 
he seems to occupy the same rank between the cloven-footed 
and digitated. Destitute of horns; furnished with teeth in 
both jaws ; with only one stomach; incapable of ruminat¬ 
ing ; and producing at one birth a numerous progeny; the 
union of these faculties confers on the hog a remarkable 
peculiarity of character. He does not, like other animals, 
shed his fore-teeth, and put forth a second set, but retains 
his first set through life. 
Hogs seem to enjoy none of the powers of sensation in 
eminent perfection. They are said to hear distant sounds; 
and the wild boar distinguishes the scent of the hunter and 
his dogs, long before they can approach him. But so im¬ 
perfect is their feeling, that they have suffered mice to bur¬ 
row in the fat of their backs without discovering any unea¬ 
siness, or appearing even to notice it. 
The Chinese hog is distinguished from the common, by 
having the upper part of its body almost bare, its belly 
hanging nearly to the ground; its legs are very short, and 
its tail still more disproportionately short. The flesh of this 
variety is whiter and more delicate. The colour is com¬ 
monly a dark grey. It abounds in China, and is diffused 
through New Guinea, and many islands in the South Sea. 
The New Hebrides, the Marquesas, the Friendly and the 
Society islands possess this animal, and cultivate it with 
great care, as it is almost the only domestic animal of which 
they can boast. 
2. Sus porcus, or Guinea hog.—Back bristly on the hind 
parts; tail reaching to the ground. A variety has erect ears, 
a little pointed; the tail reaching nearly to the ground.— 
It inhabits Guinea; and the variety is found chiefly at Siam. 
It is less than the hog; the tail is naked; ears long and 
pointed; the body is red; hair longer on the head and 
buttocks. 
3. Sus tajassu, peccary, or Mexican hog.—Back with a 
glandular orifice; it has no tail. The tusks of this species 
are scarcely conspicuous, when the mouth is shut; the ears 
are short, erect, pointed; the eyes are sunk in the head; the 
neck is short and thick; the bristles are nearly as large as 
those of the hedge-hog, longest on the neck and back ; in 
colour it is hoary, black, annulate with white; from the 
shoulders to the breast is a collar of white. In size and 
figure this animal bears an imperfect resemblance to the hog 
U & 767 
of China. From the gland on the back constantly distils a 
thin fetid liquor, which is the most remarkable peculiarity 
of this species. 
The habits of the Mexican hog are not very different from 
those of Asia and Europe. It is found in great abundance 
in all the warm climates of South America. Their instincts, 
and arms of offence and defence, are the same as those of our 
own hog, but they seem to possess dispositions much more 
gregarious. They are usually found associating together in 
parties. Though only an individual be singled out, the 
whole body join together against an enemy. They grunt 
with a stronger and harsher voice than the hogs of Asia and 
Europe. Forests are their favourite haunts: they do not 
resort, like our own hogs or the wild boar, to marshes and 
mires. Fruits, seeds, and roots, are their chief food; but. 
they will devour, with great eagerness, serpents, toads, and 
lizards; and they display great dexterity in tearing off the 
skins of those reptiles; but they do not wallow and become 
fat, like the common hog. They produce a number of 
young at each litter, and the mother treats them with the 
tenderness and solicitous care of a kind parent. Though 
existing in a wild state, they are susceptible of domestica¬ 
tion, but nothing can overcome their natural stupidity. 
Beasts of prey, no less than man, are hostile to this species. 
The American leopard, or jaguar, one of their most formid¬ 
able enemies, often attacks them, and commits upon the 
herd the most cruel slaughter. If killed in the night season, 
provided the gland on the back be taken off, and the liquor 
which it secretes carefully washed away at the instant of 
death, the flesh of the Mexican hog is reckoned agreeable 
food. 
4. Sus Africanus, or Cape hog.—Two fore-teeth in the 
upper jaw. This hog is of a superior size, and peculiar to 
Africa. The head is long; the snout slender; tusks large, 
and hard as ivory; and that in the upper jaw thick, and 
truncated obliquely; the ears are narrow, erect, and pointed; 
the tail is slender, and terminating in a tuft reaching down 
to the highest point of the leg; both jaws furnished with 
twelve grinding teeth; the body is covered all over with long 
fine bristles. This species has sometimes been confounded 
with the Ethiopicus; but the form of the head, the structure 
of the mouth, and the manner in which the body is covered, 
establish a sufficient specific difference.—It is found in abund¬ 
ance between the Cape de Verde and the Cape of Good 
Hope. 
5. Sus Ethiopicus, or Ethiopian hog.—This species has 
no fore-teeth ; under the eyes is a soft wrinkled pouch. The 
manners and economy of this species are but very imper¬ 
fectly known. They live chiefly under ground, where the 
texture of their snout enables them to make their way as 
readily as the mole.—It inhabits Madagascar, and the hot 
parts of Africa. They are, in fact, diffused from Sierra 
Leone to Congo. 
The Ethiopian hog is nearly five feet long, and between 
24 and 30 inches in height; the body is thick and broad ; 
the snout is somewhat horny ; the mouth is narrow, as well 
as destitute of fore-teeth, but it is furnished with hard gums 
to supply their functions: the tusks in the lower jaw are 
small, in the upper very large; the eyes are small, and situ¬ 
ated high in the fore-head, the horizontal lobe or wattle 
under them intercepting from the sight of the animal all 
objects placed immediately below. The skin is of a dusky 
hue; the bristles thinly dispersed in separate parcels over the 
body, between the ears and on the shoulders longer than on 
any other parts. 
6. Sus Babyrussa.-—Two crooked tusks piercing through 
the upper part of the face.—It inhabits the islands of the 
Indian ocean ; is gregarious; feeds on herbs and leaves; of 
quick scent; swims and dives well; grunts: it is the size of 
a stag, and the flesh is good. 
SUSA, a province of the Sardinian states, in Piedmont, 
with a superficial extent of 700 square miles, and 65,000 in¬ 
habitants. It consists of a broad valley, situated at the foot 
of the Cottian Alps, and interspersed with steep rocks and 
pleasant 
