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S Y N 
S Y N 
SYNAGOGUE, s. [synagogue, Fr.; awu.yuy/\, Gr.] 
An assembly of the Jews to worship.—Go, Tubal, and meet 
me at our synagogue. Shakspeare. 
SYNALE'PHA, s. [awaXoupi Gr.] A contraction or 
excision of a syllable in a Latin verse, by joining together 
two vowels in the scanning or cutting off the ending vowel; 
as, ill' ego. —Virgil, though smooth, is far from affecting 
it: he frequently uses synalephas, and concludes his sense 
in the middle of his verse. Dryden. 
SY'NARCHY, s. [avm}x icc > Gr.] Joint sovereignty.— 
The synarchies or joint reigns of father and son have ren¬ 
dered the chronology a little difficult. Stackhouse. 
SYNARTHRO'SIS, s. [ervv and apS'yow, Gr.] A close con¬ 
junction of two bones.—There is a conspicuous motion 
where the conjunction is called diarthrosis, as in the elbow; 
an obscure one, where the conjunction is called synarthro¬ 
sis, as in the joining of the carpus to the metacarpus. Wise¬ 
man. 
SYNA'XIS, s. [awod-u;, Gr.] A meeting of persons ; a 
congregation,—They celebrated their synaxes and commu¬ 
nions in grots and retirements. Bp. Taylor. 
SYNBRANCHUS, a genus of fishes of the order Apodes, 
established by naturalists since the time of Linnaeus. The 
body is eel-shaped; it has no pectoral fins, and the spiracle 
is single beneath the neck. This genus differs from the 
Muraena, in the circumstance of the spiracles or branchial 
orifice being single, and situated beneath the throat. 
1. Synbranchus marmoratus, or olive-brown Synbran- 
chus, marbled with blackish spots; the body is yellowish 
beneath.—The general appearance of this animal is that of a 
muraena: it is about 30 inches long; the head is large, short, 
and thick; mouth moderately wide, and furnished with 
several rows of small conical teeth; the tongue is connate; 
lips fleshy, nostrils simple, seated near the eyes, which are 
blue; the skin of the body is thick and loose; the back is 
of a deep olive-colour, with dusky spots; the belly and 
sides are of a yellowish cast, and the spots on those 
parts have a tinge of violet,—Native of the fresh waters 
of Surinam. 
2. Synbranchus immaculatus.—This is of a plain un¬ 
variegated brown colour: it is much allied in general form to 
the preceding, but is considerably smaller, and very differ¬ 
ent in colour, being nearly of an uniform brown through¬ 
out, with the exception of a few very obscure sub-trans¬ 
verse dusky shades across the body, and a few whitish mar- 
blings on the fins.—Native of Surinam. 
3. Synbranchus spagebranchus is much allied to the 
preceding.—It has an eel-shaped body, and no pectoral 
fins: it has two spiracles beneath the neck. 
4. Synbranchus rostratus, with the upper lip produced 
into a snout.—This fish, as described by Dr. Bloch, measures 
about nine inches, and is of a cylindric form, destitute both 
of fins and scales. The upper jaw is considerably longer 
than the lower, being indeed sharpened into a snout: the 
two spiracles or branchial orifices are situated at about an 
inch beyond the mouth, immediately beneath the neck.— 
The colour, pale brown. 
SYNBORG, a town of Denmark, in the island of Funen, 
which, though small,-has a large and commodious harbour. 
SYNCHONDRO'SIS, s. [aw and Gr.] Synchon¬ 
drosis is an union by gristles; as of the sternon to the ribs. 
Wiseman. 
SY'NCIIRONAL, adj. [aw and x? ovo s> Gr.] Happening 
at the same time; belonging to the same time.—The glo¬ 
rious estate of the church, which is synclironal to the second 
and third thunder. More. 
SY'NCHRONAL, s. That which happens at the same 
time, or belongs to the same time, with another thing.—The 
near cognation and colligation of those seven synchronals 
that are contemporary to the six first trumpets. More. 
SYNCHRO'NICAL, adj. [aw and xpovo?, Gr.] Hap¬ 
pening together at the same time.—It is difficult to make out 
how the air is conveyed info the left ventricle of the heart, 
the systole and diastole of the heart and lungs being far from 
synchronical. Boyle. 
SYNCHRONISM, s. [aw and Gr.] Concurrence 
of events happening at the same time.—The coherence and 
synchronism of all the parts of the Mosaical chronology, 
after the Flood, bear a most regular testimony to the truth 
of his history. Hale. 
To SYNCHRONIZE, v. n. To concur at the same 
time; to agree in regard to the same time.—The most genu¬ 
ine sense to me, is to synchronize with the history of that 
time wherein John Jived. Dr. Robinson. 
SYNCHRONOUS, adj. [aw and x? ov °s> Gr.] Happen¬ 
ing at the same time.—The variations of the gravity of the 
air keep both the solids and fluids in an oscillatory mo¬ 
tion, synchronous and proportional to their changes. Ar- 
buthnot. 
SYNCHYSIS, 5. [aw and yyu, Gr.] A confusion; a 
confused arrangement of words in a sentence.—The English 
translator hath expressed the sense, but not translated strictly 
to the words, by reason of the synchysis and involved and 
perplexed trajection being not well distinguished. Knatch- 
bull. 
To SYNCOPATE, v. a. To contract; to abbreviate, 
by taking from the middle of a word.—The tyrant time, 
which hath swallowed many names, hath also in use of 
speech changed more by contracting, syncopating, curtail¬ 
ing, and mollifying them. Camden. —[In Music.] To 
divide a note. See Syncope. 
SYNCOPE, s. [syncope, Fr.; avy/amri, Gr.] Fainting. 
—The symptoms attending gun shot wounds are pain, 
fever, delirium, and syncope. Wiseman. —Contraction of 
a word by cutting off a part in the middle.—The division of 
a note, used when two or more notes of one part answer to 
a single one of the other. Mus. Diet. 
SYNCOPIST, s. Contractor of words.—To outshine all 
the modern syncopists, and thoroughly content my English 
readers, I intend to publish a Spectator that shall not have a 
single vowel in it. Spectator. 
To SY'NCGPIZE, v. a. To contract; to abridge.— 
Whether to ascribe this to some modish affectation of times 
and humours, or more particularly to a poetical humour of 
syncopizing and contracting their words. Dalgarno. 
To SYNDICATE, v. a. [syndiquer, Fr.; aw and Si/ry, 
Gr.] To judge; to pass judgment on; to censure. An 
unusual word. —Aristotle undertook to censure and syndi¬ 
cate his master, and all law-makers before him. Hake- 
will. 
SYNDIC, s. [syndic, Fr.; aw and biKvj, Gr.] A kind 
of chief magistrate; a curator.—May it please you, that Dr. 
Gunning and Dr. Pearson may be your legal syndicks for 
you, and in your name, to treat and conclude with the said 
archbishop concerning his and your right and interest in the 
said books. Grace in the Senate. 
SYNDROME, s. [awd^oyo, Gr.] Concurrent action; 
concurrence.—All things being linked together by an unin¬ 
terrupted chain of causes, every single motion owns a de- 
pendance on such a syndrome of prerequired motors. Gian - 
ville. 
SYNECDOCHE, s. [synecdoche, Fr.; avveKdoKy, Gr.] 
A figure by which part is taken for the whole, or the whole 
for part.—Because they are instruments of grace in the hand 
of God, and by these his holy spirit changes our hearts; 
therefore the whole work is attributed to them by a synec¬ 
doche ; that is, they do in this manner the work for which 
God ordained them. Bp. Taylor. 
SYNECDO'CHICAL, adj. Expressed by a synecdoche; 
implying a synecdoche.—Should I, Lindamer, bring you 
into hospitals, and shew you there how many souls, nar¬ 
rowly lodged in synecdochical bodies, see their earthen 
cottages moulder away to dust, those miserable persons, by 
the loss of one limb after another, surviving but part of 
themselves, and living to see themselves dead and buried by 
piecemeal ? Boyle. 
SYNECDO'CIIICHALLY, adv. According to a synec¬ 
dochical way of speaking.—Thus did our Saviour rise from 
the dead on the third day properly; and was three days and 
three nights in the earth synechdochically. Pearson. 
SYNERGI'STICK, 
