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SYNERGI'STICK, adj. [awe^oyai, Gr.] Co-operat¬ 
ing.—Luther’s notions of the irresistible decrees, which he 
afterwards published in his book Dc servo arbitrio, shocked 
both parties, and caused a kind of revolution on all sides. 
The papists raised an outcry against their own doctrine, 
when expressed in so unguarded a manner: and the Saxon 
divines, with Melancthon at their head, silently withdrew 
themselves from their master Luther in this point; and struck 
out, or rather adopted, another system, viz., the synergis- 
tical. On this system of the co-operation of grace and 
free-will, the Augustan confession is wholly built. Dean 
Tucker. 
SYNGNATHUS, the Pipe-fish. The name syngnathus 
is of Grecian origin, and is formed of the word aw, which 
in composition signifies the same as the Latin con, 
together, and yvabm;, a jaw. It is given to this fish 
from that remarkable structure of its mouth, by which 
the jaws are made to grow together, and the very end 
of the mouth only opens. 
The head of this fish is very small; the snout nearly 
cylindrical, long, turned up at the end; mouth terminal, 
without teeth or tongue, and furnished with a lid; the lower 
jaw is moveable; gill-covers are large, striate and closed; 
the spiracle on the nape is tubular; the body is jointed, and 
mailed with many-sided scales: it has no ventral fins. 
The fish of this genus inhabit the ocean, near the shores; 
they feed on lesser worms and insects, and the spawn of 
other fish: under the tail, commencing at the vent, is a 
longitudinal groove, concealing the young and the eggs; the 
eyes of the animal are small, covered at the sides with a 
membrane; the nostrils are near the eyes, but scarcely to be 
seen; the palate is smooth; the gill-membrane is very thin, 
placed on the nape; the fins are small, thin, the rays un¬ 
dived ; it has now lateral line. Gmelin enumerates eight 
species, of which four are found on the coasts of our own 
country, to which Stow adds two: we will give the most 
striking. 
1. Syngnathus hippocampus.—This species has no caudal 
fin; the body is seven-sided, tuberculate; the tail is square. 
This fish has a very singular appearance; it is generally 
from six to ten inches in length; the body is much com¬ 
pressed; it is of a greenish-brown, varied with darker and 
lighter specks; the head is large and rather thick, and beset 
on the upper part, as well as along some of the first joints 
of the body, with several small, weak, lengthened spines, or 
cirri, which are sometimes slightly ramified; the snout is 
slender, the neck suddenly contracting beyond the head; 
the body is rather short, and suddenly contracting towards 
the tail, which is long, quadrangular, and terminates in a 
naked or finless tip. In its dry or contracted state, this 
animal exhibits the fancied resemblance from which it takes 
its name, but in the living fish this appearance is somewhat 
less striking; the head and tail being carried nearly straight. 
—It is a native of the Mediterranean, Northern, and Atlantic 
seas. 
2. Syngnathus foliatus, or foliated pipe-fish.—This is a 
most extraordinary species, far exceeding all the others in 
the singularity of its appearance, which at first view rather 
suggests the idea of some production of fancy than of any 
real existence. It is longer in proportion, or of a more 
slender habit, than the other pipe-fish. Its great pe¬ 
culiarity consists in the large leaf-shaped appendages with 
which the back, tail, and abdomen, are furnished; these 
appendages are situated on very strong rough square spines 
or processes; and, were it not for the perfect regularity of 
their respective proportions, might be mistaken for the leaves 
of some kind of fucus adhering to the spines. The colour 
of the whole animal is of a dusky or blackish-olive, thickly 
sprinkled on all parts, except on the appendages, with small 
round whitish specks, and accompanied by a kind of 
metallic gloss on the abdomen; the fins are soft, tender, 
and transparent.—This curious species is a native of the 
Indian seasl 
SYNNEURO'SIS, s. [aw and vevpov, Gr.] Synneurosis 
S Y N 811 
is when the connexion is made by a ligament. Of this in 
symphysis we find instances, in the connexion of the ossa 
pubis together, especially in women, by a ligamentous sub- 
tance. In articulation, it is either round, as that which 
unites the head of the os femoris to the coxa; or broad, a3 
the tendon of the patella, which unites it to the os tibiae. 
Wiseman. 
SY'NOD, s. [peonob. Sax.; synode, Fr.; awodo;, Gr.] 
An assembly called for consultation: it is used particularly 
of ecclesiastics. A provincial synod is commonly used, and 
a general council. —The glorious gods sit in hourly synod 
about thy particular prosperity.. Shakspeare. —Conjunc¬ 
tion of the heavenly bodies. 
Their planetary motions and aspects 
Of noxious efficacy, and when to join 
In synod unbenign. Milton. 
SY'NODAL, s. Money paid anciently to the bishop, 
&c., at Easter visitation.— Synodals were [anciently] the 
publication or recital of the provincial constitutions in the 
parish churches. Wlieatly. 
SY'NODAL, Synodic, or Synodical, adj. [synodique, 
synodal, French.] Relating to a synod ; transacted in a 
synod.—St. Athanasius writes a synodical epistle to those of 
Antioch, to compose the differences among them upon the 
ordination of Paulinus. Stilling feet. — [Synodique, Fr.] 
Reckoned from one conjunction with the sun to another.— 
The diurnal and annual revolutions of the sun, to us are the 
measures of day and year; and the synodic revolution of 
the moon measures the month. Holder. 
SYNODENDRON, in Entomology, a genus of insects 
of the order coleoptera. The Generic Character is as fol¬ 
lows:—Antennae clavate, the club lamellate; thorax gib¬ 
bous, muricate or unequal; lip filiform, horny, palpigerous 
at the tip. There are four species:— 
1. Synodendron cylindricalon.—Thorax truncate before, 
five-toothed; head with an erect horn. The female is un¬ 
armed.—It is found in this country and other parts of Europe. 
2. Synodendron muricatum.—Thorax muricate, gibbous; 
shells two-spined before the tip. The shells are dull testace¬ 
ous, refuse behind, with a long hooked tooth at the suture, 
and another lesser one at the margin; the antennse are 
testaceous.—It inhabits Europe and America, in woods. 
3. Synodendron capsecinus.—Shells entire, black; thorax 
rough before. The thorax has numerous raised denticles 
before; the shells are naked, retuse at the tip.—It inhabits 
Coromandel. 
4. Synodendron dominicanum.—Smooth, black, dusky; 
shells striate; legs pitchy. The head is black, bent under 
the thorax; the thorax is prominent before; shells entire, 
striate.—It inhabits South America, and is a very small in¬ 
sect. 
SYNO'DICALLY, adv. By the authority of a synod or 
public assembly.—It shall be needful for those churches sy~ 
nodically to determine something in those points. San¬ 
derson. 
SYNO'NYMA, s. pi. [awuvvyo;, Gr.] Names which sig¬ 
nify the same thing. 
Every tinker for his chink may cry. 
Rogue, bawd, and cheater, call you by the surnames 
And known synonyma of your profession. B. Jonson. 
SYNO'NYMAL, adj. [awowyoi;, Gr.] Synonymous. 
—Repetitions here, and doubled sentences, and enlargements 
by synonymal words, &c. before the shutting up of the pe¬ 
riod, are but necessary. Instruct, for Drat. 
SYNO'NYMALLY, adv. Synonymously.—The fifth 
canon uses synonymally. Spelman. 
SY'NONYME, s. [synonyme, Fr.; from the Gr. aw, 
•with, and ovoya., name, Eol. ovvyai] A word of the same 
meaning as some other word. Mason. —Most synonymes 
have some minute distinction. Reid. 
To SYNO'NYMISE, v. a. To express the same thing 
in 
