838 TAN 
dale other charters from the same place. In 181], Tam- 
worth contained 603 houses, and 2991 inhabitants. Market 
on Tuesday, with three annual fairs; 8 miles south-east of 
Lichfield, and 114 north-west of London. 
TAM WORTH, a post township of the United States, in 
Strafford county, New Hampshire; 60 miles north-north¬ 
east of Concord, and 63 north-north-west of Portsmouth. 
Population 1134. 
To TAN, v. a. [ tannen , Dutch; tanner, Fr.] To im¬ 
pregnate or imbue with bark.—A human skull covered with 
the skin, having been buried in some limy soil, was tanned or 
turned into a kind of leather. Grew. —To imbrown by the 
sun. 
Like sun parch’d quarters on the city gates. 
Such is thy tann'd skin’s lamentable state. Donne. 
TAN, s. The bark of the oak; the ooze with which 
tanners prepare their leather. Ash. 
TANA, a large river of Lapland, which forms the boun¬ 
dary between Russia and Sweden for 150 miles, traverses 
part of Finmark, and falls into the Arctic ocean in lat. 71. 
N. long. 31. 30. E., at a gulf to which it gives name. A 
large quantity of salmon is caught here, and was formerly 
exported to different countries, particularly Holland; but a 
Finnish colony, which is settled here and carries on the 
fishery, having increased greatly within the last century, 
the fish is now required to supply the wants of the popula¬ 
tion on the spot. 
TANACETUM [Derivation unknown], in Botany, a ge¬ 
nus of the class syngenesia, order polygamia superflua, na¬ 
tural order of composite discoideae, corymbiferse (Juss .)— 
Generic Character. Calyx: common hemispherical, imbri¬ 
cate; scales acute, compact. Corolla: compound tubular, 
convex. Corollets hermaphrodite, numerous, tubular, in 
the disk. Females, some in the ray. Proper, of the her¬ 
maphrodite, funnel-form; with a five-cleft, reflexed border. 
Female trifid, more deeply divided inwardly. Stamina in 
the hermaphrodites: filaments five, capillary, very short. 
Anther cylindric, tubular. Pistil in the hermaphrodites: 
germ oblong, small. Style filiform, length of the stamens. 
Stigma bifid, revolute.—In the females: germ oblong. 
Style simple. Stigmas two, reflexed. Pericarp none. Ca¬ 
lyx unchanged. Seeds solitary, oblong. Down slightly 
margined. Receptacle naked.— Esseiitial Character. Ca¬ 
lyx imbricate, hemispherical. Corolla: rays obsolete, tri¬ 
fid (sometimes none, and all the florets hermaphrodite). 
Down submarginate. Receptacle naked. 
1. Tanacetum suffruticosum, or shrubby tansy.—Leaves 
pinnate-multifid, segments linear, subdivided, acute, stem 
suffruticose. This rises with a branching shrubby stalk, three 
or four feet high.—Native of the Cape of Good Hope. 
2. Tanacetum Sibiricum, or Siberian tansy.—Leaves pin¬ 
nate, segments linear-filiform, corymbs smooth, stem her¬ 
baceous.—Native of Siberia. 
3. Tanacetum incanum, or hoary tansy.—Leaves bipin- 
nate, tomentose; corymb ovate, compound. Perennial, 
hoary, fine-leaved plant, with yellow flowers turned up¬ 
wards.—Native of the Levant. 
4. Tanacetum cotuloides, or chamomile-like tansy.— 
Leaves tooth-pinnate, acuminate; stem very much branch¬ 
ed ; flowers subpanicled. Annual, having the appearance 
of chamomile.—Native of the Cape of Good Hope. 
5. Tanacetum annuurn, or annual tansy.—Leaves bipin- 
natifid, linear, acute; corymbs tomentose. Annual, rising 
about two feet high.—Native of Spain and Italy. 
6. Tanacetum monanthos, or one-flowered tansy.—Stem 
quite simple, one-flowered, length of the leaves. This is 
also is an annual plant.—Native of the Levant. 
7. Tanacetum vulgare, or common tansy.—Leaves bipin- 
natifid, gash-serrate, naked. Common tansy has a fibrous 
creeping root, which will spread to a great distance. It is 
bitter, and has a strong aromatic smell. Stems upright, 
from two to almost four feet high.—Native of Europe and 
Siberia, in high meadows and pastures, on the banks of 
TAN 
rivers and in swampy places; flowering from June to Au¬ 
gust. There are three varieties; one with a curled leaf, 
which is called double tansy by gardeners; another with 
variegated leaves; and a third with larger leaves, which 
have little scent. 
8. Tanacetum balsamita, or cost-mary.—Leaves ovate, 
entire, serrate. Roots hardy, fleshy and creeping.—It is a 
native of the South of France, Spain, and Italy. 
9. Tanacetum {labelliforme, or fan-leaved tansy.—Co¬ 
rymbs simple, leaves deltoid, serrate at the tip. All the 
florets are hermaphrodite and five-cleft; but having a naked, 
not a chaffy receptacle, it agrees rather with this genus than 
Athanasia.—Native of the Cape of Good Hope. 
Propagation and Culture. —All the sorts from the Cape 
must be kept in pots, and removed into shelter before hard 
frosts come on. They are easily increased by cuttings. 
Common tansy is easily propagated by the creeping roots. 
TAN ACO, a settlement of Mexico, in the intendancy of 
Valladolid. 
TANAECIUM [From tosvsmjkij?, protensam s. longam 
aciem habens.], in Botany, a genus of the class didynamia, 
order angiospermia.—Generic Character. Calyx: perianth 
one-leafed, tubular, truncate, quite entire. Corolla one- 
petalled, long; tube cylindrical, widened above; border 
from erect, spreading, five-cleft, almost equal; the two up¬ 
per segments approximating, less divided, nearly upright, 
the three lower spreading, a little reflexed. Stamina: fila¬ 
ments four, almost equal, shoiter than the corolla, bending 
in under the back of the tube ; with the rudiment of a fifth. 
Anthers two-lobed. Pistil: germ placed on a fleshy ring, 
roundish. Style simple. Stigma two-lobed. Pericarp: 
berry large, subpedicelled, globular or oblong, two-celled. 
Seeds numerous, oblong, angular, nestling. — Essential 
Character. Calyx cylindrical, truncate. Corolla tubular, 
almost equal, five-cleft. Rudiments of a fifth filament. Berry 
corticose, very large. - 
1. Tanaecium jaroba.—Lower leaves ternate, upper ge¬ 
minate; tendrils interpetiolary, terminating; stem scandent. 
This rises with great ease to the top of the tallest trees in the 
woods, and then spreads a great way over the limbs of the 
neighbouring trees, or bends again towards the ground_ 
This climbing plant is frequent in many parts of the island 
of Jamaica. 
2. Tanaecium parasiticum.—Leaves ovate, coriaceous; 
stem scandent, shrubby, rooting. This weakly plant sus¬ 
tains itself generally by the help of the neighbouring trees, 
or is found spreading upon the ground, where it does not 
meet with a support.—It is found in Jamaica, about Port 
Antonio, near the cascade in St. Ann’s, and in many parts 
of the mountains, especially those between Sixteen-mile-walk 
and Luidas. 
TANAGA, one of the Fox islands, in the North Pacific 
ocean, about 40 miles in circumference. Lat. 53. 20. N. 
long. 182. 14. E. 
TAN AGRA, or Tanager, in Ornithology, a genus of the 
order passeres; the characters of which are, that the bill 
is conic, acuminated, emarginated, subtrigonous at the base, 
and inclining at the apex. Gmelin enumerates forty-six 
species. 
1. Tanagra jacapa.—Black; the forehead, neck, and 
breast, crimson-coloured. This is the jacapu of Marcgrave, 
the red-breasted blackbird of Edwards, and the red-breasted 
tanager of Latham.—It is found in America. 
2. Tanagra Brasilia.—Crimson, with black tail and wings. 
This is the cardinal of Buffon, and the Brasilian tanager of 
Latham. Of this bird there are two varieties, one of which 
is the blue, the other the black Indian sparrow of Wil- 
lughbv.—Found in South America. 
3. Tanagra rubra.—Red, with black wings and tail, and * 
tail-feathers white at the apex. This is the Canada tanager 
of Pennant, and the red tanager of Latham. Of this the 
scarlet sparrow of Edwards, or Merula Brasiliensis of Ray 
and Willughby, is a variety.—Found in Canada. 
4. Tanagra jacarina.—Violet-black, with wings whitish 
beneath. 
