852 
TAR 
TAR 
by the superfluity of an oleaginous moisture degenerates into 
coarse piles. Rat/. 
TARN, a department in the south of France, formed of 
a part of the great province of Languedoc, and adjacent to 
the departments of the Aveyron and Upper Garonne. It 
has an extent of 2100 square miles, and a population of 
nearly 296,000, of whom above 40,000 are Protestants. It 
has the mountains of Languedoc on the east, and commands, 
though at a distance, a prospect of the Pyrenees; but ils 
whole surface may be termed an undulating plain, traversed, 
however, by several chains of small hills. Its principal river 
is the Tarn, a large stream flowing from the north-east to the 
Garonne. The soil is in general fertile ; the climate steady 
and temperate. The products are wheat, barley, maize, 
hemp, flax, vines, and fruit of different kinds. Here are 
occasional tracks of pasture, partly natural, more procured 
by irrigation. Of corn, enough is raised to afford a small 
annual export. The culture of the vine is extensive; but 
the wines, with the exception of the kind called vin du Cog, 
do not keep sufficiently to admit of export, and are either 
used on the spot, or made into brandy and vinegar. Here 
are, on a small scale, mines of iron and coal; some silk 
also is cultivated. This department is divided into four ar- 
rondissements, viz., Albi (the chief town), Castres, I.avaur, 
and Gaillac. 
TARN AND GARONNE, a department in the south of 
France, formed, not like the other departments of the king¬ 
dom, in 1790, but so lately as 1808, of portions of the depart¬ 
ments of the Lot and Upper Garonne. It lies to the west of 
the department of the Tarn, has an extent of 1500 square 
miles, and a population of 240,000, of whom above 30,000 
are Protestants. Situated at a distance of 60 miles from the 
Pyrenees, its surface is a plain, traversed by three chains of 
hills, the highest of which is said not to exceed 1200 feet. 
Its principal rivers are the Tarn and Garonne. Its soil is in 
general fruitful; its climate mild; but here, as in the south of 
France generally, the labours of the husbandman are frequent¬ 
ly exposed to hazard from hail storms. Its products are 
wheat, barley, maize, hemp, flax, vines, chesnuts, and several 
fruits of a southern climate, as almonds and figs. The pas¬ 
tures, from the deficiency of rain, are of limited extent. The 
domestic animals are mules, asses, horses ; poultry is particu¬ 
larly abundant. The culture of silk is on a limited scale. 
This small department is divided into three arrondissements, 
viz., Montauban (the capital), Moissac, and Caste! Sar- 
razin. 
To TA'RNISH, v. a. [ternir, Fr.] To sully; to soil; 
to make not bright. 
Low waves the rooted forest, vex’d, and sheds 
What of its tarnish'd honours yet remain. Tkomsom. 
To TA'RNISH, v. n. To lose brightness.—If a fine 
object should tarnish by having a great many see it, or the 
music should run mostly into one man’s ears, these satisfac¬ 
tions would be made inclosure. Collier. 
TARNOCZ, or Tahnowce, a small town of the north¬ 
west of Hungary ; 40 miles west of Kesmark. Population 
1100. Lat. 49. 12. 40. N. long. 19. 43. 11. E. 
TARNOE, an island in the Baltic, on the south-east coast 
of Sweden, in the group called the Skseres of Carlscrona. 
TARNOGROD, a small town of the south-east of Poland; 
52 miles west-south-west of Balcz, and 60 south of Lublin. 
TARNOPOL, a circle in the east of Austrian Galicia, bor¬ 
dering on Russia. Its territorial extent is 1720 square miles; 
its population 190,000. It was ceded in 1810 to Russia, as 
a recompense tor the services which she had rendered to 
France in the campaign of the preceding year, but was restored 
to Austria at the congress of Vienna. 
TARNOPOL, a considerable town in the east of Austrian 
Poland, and the capital of a circle, is situated on the river 
Sireth, 84 miles east of Lemberg. It has a Greek and a Ca¬ 
tholic church, and 7100 inhabitants, who carry on a consi¬ 
derable traffic, but have not as yet made much greater pro¬ 
gress in manufactures than their Polish countrymen. The 
principal establishments of this nature are tanneries. The 
general characteristics of a Polish town, wood buildings, un¬ 
paved streets, and accumulation of filth, are applicable to this 
place. 
TARNORUELA, a small town of Austrian Poland, in the 
circle of Tarnopol, on the river Podhorce. 
TARNOW, a circle of Austrian Galicia, bounded on the 
north by the Vistula, and lying along the river Dunajee. Its 
area is 1300 square miles; and its population 205,600. It 
is in general a level country, with the exception of some 
hills in the south, which are not, however, of great 
height. 
TARNOW, a small town of Austrian Galicia, on the river 
Dunajee; 47 miles east of Cracow, and 58 south-west of 
Sendomir. It contains 4300 inhabitants, was erected in 1777 
into a bishop’s see, is the seat of a court of jurisdiction for the 
Galician land-holders, and has a gymnasium and high school. 
It manufactures some linen, and has pleasant environs; but 
is on the whole an ill built place. It was taken possession of 
by Austria at the partition of 1773. 
TARNOWITZ, a small town of Prussian Silesia, on the 
confines of Poland. It contains 1500 inhabitants, and has 
productive mines of silver, iron, and lead, with some cala¬ 
mine ; 40 miles south-east of Oppeln. 
TARO, a river of the north of Italy, in the grand duchy 
of Parma, which rises in Piedmont, not far from Borgo St. 
Stefano, flows through the Parmesan, and falls into the Po 
at Torricelli. 
TARO, a small town of Italy, in the duchy of Parma, on 
the river Taro; 28 miles south-west of Parma. 
TAROUCA, a small town of the north of Portugal, in the 
province of Beria; 8 miles south of Lamego. Population 
1700. 
TARPAULIN COVE, a bay on the south of Massachusetts, 
near Falmouth, in the United States. 
TARPA'WLING, s. Hempen cloth smeared with tar. 
Some the gall’d ropes with dauby marling bind, 
Or searcloth masts with strong tarpaw/ing coats. Dtyden. 
A sailor.—Was any thing wanting to the extravagance of 
this age, but the making a living tarpawlin and a swabber 
the hero of a tragedy ? Dennis. 
TARPEIAN, or Tarpeius, an epithet given to a rock in 
ancient Rome, of considerable height; whence, by the law 
of the Twelve Tables, those guilty of-certain crimes were 
precipitated. It was on this rock that the Capitol was 
built. 
The Tarpeian rock might formerly be steep enough on 
one side, to break a man’s neck; but it could never have 
been of that surprising height mentioned by some writers, 
if any judgment can be formed from its appearance at pre¬ 
sent. 
TARPORLEY, a market town of England, in the county 
of Chester. It is a small but pleasant town, situated on the 
high road from London, through Nantwich, to Chester, and 
within one mile of the Nantwich and Chester canal. The 
town stands on a gentle slope. It is tolerably clean and well 
built, and has a handsome church, in which are several fine 
monuments. Tarporley is chiefly noted as being the place 
where the principal gentlemen of the county meet at an an¬ 
nual hunt; Delamere forest in that vicinity being well for that 
diversion. Two miles southward of Tarporley rises the great 
insulated rock of Beeston, on which are the stately ruins of 
the far famed Beeston castle, whose almost impregnable 
strength was once proverbial. Beeston rock is composed of 
sandstone, very precipitous on one side, but gradually sloping 
on the other. Its height is 366 feet, and the summit com¬ 
mands a very extensive prospect. Beeston castle was erected 
in 1220 by Randle Blundeville, earl of Chester, and consisted 
of an outer and inner area. The outer came about midway 
of the slope, and was defended by a great gateway, and a 
strong wall, fortified with round towers, which ran across the 
slope from one edge of the precipice to the other. Some parts 
of this wall, and about six or seven round towers, still exist. 
