EDO. 
900 TER 
chige on both sides, and bifurcated tail.—Found in the Ind ian 
sea. 
8. Terebella rubra.—Red, depressed; tail terminating 
with two cirri ; the head with two horny moveable jaws.— 
Found in the sea surrounding the islands of Zeland. 
^9. Terebella aphroditois.—Round, gradually attenuated 
^backwards, below somewhat depressed with an obsolete 
Turrow; no branchiae in the eight first segments, in the fol¬ 
lowing three simple, in the last sensibly greater, one being 
turned, pinnated.—Found in the Indian sea. 
10. Terebella bicornis.—With a simple terminal two¬ 
horned disc of the proboscis. — Found in the American 
ocean. 
11. Terebella stellata.—With a perfoliated triple disc of 
the proboscis; the anterior armed with a truncated horn, 
radiated with prickles.—Found in the American ocean. 
TEREBELLA, (dim. of terebra,) in Surgery, a trepan, 
or circular saw, for removing portions of the skull. 
TEREBES, or Trebissow, a small town in the north of 
Hungary; 22 miles east-south-east of Caschau, situated on 
the river Bodrog. 
TE'REBINTH, s. [terebinthe, Fr.; reyc/3jvibo?, Gr.] 
The turpentine tree. 
Here grows melampode every where, 
And terebinth , good for goals. Spenser. 
TEREBI'NTHINATE, or Terebi'nthine, adj. [ fere- 
binthine , French; terebinthum , Lat.] Consisting of tur¬ 
pentine ; mixed with turpentine.—Salt serum may be evacu¬ 
ated by urine, by terebinthinates, as tops of pine in all our 
ale. Flower. 
To TE'REBRATE, v. a. \terebro, Lat.] To bore; to 
perforate;. to pierce.—Consider the threefold effect of Jupiter’s 
trisulk, to burn, discuss, and terebrate. Brown. 
TEREBRA'TION, s. [from terebrate .] The act of 
boring or piercing.— Tercbration of trees makes them 
prosper better; and also it maketh the fruit sweeter and 
better. Bacon. 
TEREDO, in Natural History, a genus of the Testacea 
order of Vermes, the characters of which are, that the ani¬ 
mal is a terebella, with two hemispheric calcareous valves, 
cut off before, and two lanceolated; the shell is round, flexu- 
ous, and capable of penerating wood. 
Ttredo navalis.—The shell very slender, cylindric and 
smooth. 
The head of the Teredo navalis, called by Linnaeus cala- 
vxitas navium, is well prepared by nature for the hard offices 
it is to undergo, being coated with a strong armour, and fur¬ 
nished with a mouth like that of the leech; by which it 
pierces wood, as that animal does the skin; a little above 
this it has two horns, which seem a kind of continuation of 
the shell; the neck is as strongly provided for the service of 
the creature as the head, being furnished with several strong 
muscles; the rest or the body is only covered by a very thin 
and transparent skin, through which the motion of the in¬ 
testines is plainly seen by the naked eye; and by means of 
the microscope, several other very remarkable particulars be¬ 
come visible there. 
This creature is wonderfully minute when newly excluded 
from the egg, and, at its utmost bigness, is a foot long; three 
or four inches are however its more frequent length. 
AVhen the bottom of a vessel, or any other piece of wood 
constantly under water, is inhabited and injured by ever so 
great a number of these worms, there is no sign of the da¬ 
mage to be perceived on the surface, nor are the creatures 
visible till the outer part of the wood is cut or broken 
away; then their shelly habitations come in sight: these lie 
so near the surface, however, as to have an easy communi¬ 
cation with the water, and [here is a multitude of little per¬ 
forations in the very surface through which the inhabitant 
insects throw out the extremities of their little shelly horns; 
these are of a reddish colour, and may be distinguished 
by an accurate observer in form of so many red pro¬ 
minent points; they are all retracted on the least touch, and 
are thrown out again as soon as all is quiet. From these 
points, or the small apertures which give them a way out, 
are the cells of the teredines to be traced. They are com¬ 
posed of a pearly or shelly matter, which forms a long 
tube with various windings and turnings, which mark the 
abode of the creature; but which usually neither adheres 
to the body of the animal nor to the wood. ‘ These cases 
or tubes are always more or less loose in the wood, and 
there is ever a large space within them, for the body of the 
animal to be surrounded every way with water. They are 
very smooth on the inner surface, and somewhat rougher 
without; and are much harder and firmer in the cells 
of the older and larger animals than in those of the young 
ones. 
These shelly tubes are composed of several rings, or an¬ 
nular parts; but these differ greatly in their length. There 
is an evident care in these creatures, never to injure one an¬ 
other's habitations; by this means each tubule or case is pre¬ 
served entire, and in such pieces of wood as have been found 
eaten by them into a sort of honey-comb, there never is seen a 
passage or communication between any two of the tubules, 
though the woody matter between them often is not thicker 
than a piece of writing paper. 
The vast increase of these animals, and their shelly tubules, 
naturally lead to a consideration of the manner of their ge¬ 
neration ; and when we consider that each of these creatures 
is, from the time when it is produced from the egg, immedi¬ 
ately lodged in a cell, in which it lives without the least 
possibility of getting info that of another animal of its own 
kind, of receiving one of them in its own, it is not easy 
to account for the propagation of the species in the common 
way. This however, is solved by an an accurate anatomical 
observation of the animals themselves, since in every 
individual the parts of generation in both sexes, and both 
the semen and ovula are found. Each individual therefore 
evidently serves by itself for the propagation of the species; 
and this is probably very often the case in earth-worms, 
and other of the hermaphrodite animals. All the yet known 
kinds of these being soft-bodied; and probably, though 
they often meet one another, and copulate in pairs, yet 
when they have not opportunity, the parts copulate in the 
individual. 
Eggs are found in great plenty in the bodies of these ani¬ 
mals in June, and are discharged with the water into the 
sea, where the far greater part of them, doubtless, become 
food for other small marine animals ; and the few that affix 
themselves to any piece of wood they are washed against, 
hatch and get into its substance in the manner of their parents. 
The kind of wood in which these worms are lodged, makes 
a great difference in the appearance of their cells, as they 
work much more speedily and successfully in some kinds 
than in others. The fir and alder are the two kinds they 
seem to eat %vith the greatest ease, and in which they grow 
to the greatest size. In the oak they seem to make but a 
very slow progress, and usually appear very small, and 
poorly nourished. The colour of their shelly tubules is often 
brown in this wood; which seems plainly owing to the 
effect of its juices. 
Poisonous ointments are also found to be of some use in 
destroying them, on rubbing over the wood: some have 
thought that burning the surface was an effectual way of pre¬ 
serving them, but this has been found to be otherwise. The 
surest method of avoiding them in particular works, is the 
using of bitter or very solid woods; the first kind they are 
found never to touch, and in the other they make but slow 
progress. Mixtures of lime, sulphur, and colocynth, with 
pitch, for covering over the surfaces of boards, &c., have 
been found of some use. 
It seems very evident, that boards and other pieces of 
wood have been subject to be eaten by these animals, from 
all times that we have any knowledge of; for the stone called 
lapis springoides is evidently no other than wood thus eaten, 
petrified by long lying in the earth, together with the tu¬ 
bules of the worms. The masses of this with the grain of 
wood 
