916 
TEST 
like the bill of a bird; the head covered with scales of a yel¬ 
lowish colour; the neck, hind legs, and tail, covered with a 
flexible skin of a dirty flesh-colour; the fore-legs covered 
with yellow scales on their outsides, which are partly ex¬ 
posed when the legs are drawn in; the shell round, and 
pretty much rising on its upper side, and flat beneath ; the 
pieces or compartments are of a yellowish colour,clouded 
and spotted with large and small irregular dusky or blackish 
spots, and are also furrowed or creased, the creases lessening, 
one within the other, till they reach the top or middle part 
of each ; the tail is thick, scaly, and about an inch in length; 
and the vent is situated within the tail itself near the base: 
there are five claws on the fore-feet, and four on the hind, 
all strong, black, rather bowed, and sharp-pointed.”—This 
species is found at the Cape of Good Hope, and much 
resembles the tesdudo graeca. 
32. Testudo Indica.—Tortoise with brown shell, reflected 
above the neck, and marked with a tubercle on the three 
upper scutella. This is the great Indian tortoise, first de¬ 
scribed by Perrault in the “ History of Animals,” published 
by the Royal Academy of France; and confounded by M. 
Cepede with the testudo graeca.—It is found in India, on the 
coast of Coromandel, &c. Of this there are two varieties; 
one brought from the Cape of Good Hope, and another from 
the Southern Islands. 
33. Testudo sulcata.—Tortoise with a tail, digitated feet, 
gibbose shell, and scutella lineated and circumscribed with a 
furrow; or tortoise with brown ovate shell, with furrowed 
scutella yellow on each side. This is one of the larger species 
of land tortoise, being about a foot or more in length from 
the nose to the tip of the tail. The shell is very convex, and 
has the general habit of the grasca and geometrica as to shape. 
—This species is said to be a native of the West Indies, and 
perhaps may be the “ Hicatee” of Brown, described in his 
History of Jamaica. Dr. Shaw suggests that this species may 
be the same with testudo tabulata. 
34. Testudo planairia.—Tortoise with digitated feet, and 
shell oval, convex, and smooth.—Found at Surinam. 
35. Testudo Americana terrestris.—Tortoise with oval, 
gibbose shell; scutella yellow in the middle of the disk ; the 
margin marked with shining black, furrowed, lateral poly¬ 
gons. This is conjectured by Gmelin to be the Jaboti of 
the Brazilians, and the cagoda of the Portuguese.—Found in 
South America. 
36. Testudo tabulata.—Tortoise with oblong, gibbose, 
brown shell, with the scutella of the disk rectangular and fur¬ 
rowed ; with yellowish centres. This was first described and 
figured in Seba’s “ Thesaurus,” and there said to be a native 
of Brazil, though it is believed to be rather an African 
species. The general length of the shell is about five or six 
inches: suspected to be the same species with testudo sul¬ 
cata, supra. Shaw. 
37. Testudo marginata.—Tortoise with blackish-brown, 
oblong, gibbose shell, variegated with yellow, widened and 
depressed on the hind part.—The true native country of this 
species is not very distinctly known. Mr. Schoepf inclines 
to think that it is an American species. Cepede has con¬ 
founded it with the testudo graeca. Shaw. 
38. Testudo radiata.—Tortoise with ovate black shell, and 
flatfish scutella radiated with yellow. This is the great che¬ 
quered tortoise-shell of Grew’s Mus. Reg. It has been con¬ 
cluded by some persons, from a general resemblance in the 
pattern of the shell, and a similarity in colours, that this is 
the same species with testudo geometrica, or a variety of it. 
But Dr. Shaw has pointed out a variety of differences between 
them, and such as warrant our stating that the two shells are 
perfectly distinct. Grew, who has described this species, 
says that its native country is Madagascar; but Dr. Shaw 
suggests that it is also a native of Jamaica, and that in cha¬ 
racters and size it agrees with the “ Hicatee” tortoise men¬ 
tioned in Brown’s Zoology. Shaw. 
39. Testudo rugosa.—A tortoise wrinkled, with black 
wrinkled shell, mottled and variegated with yellow; with 
the middle dorsal pieces subpanduriform, or fiddle-shaped. 
U D O. 
40. Testudo elegans.—Tortoise with orbicular, convex, 
yellow shell, with transverse, oval, brown spots. Seba has 
described it under the name of the testudo terrestris Ceylonica 
elegans minor. Shaw. 
41. Testudo areolata.—Tortoise with moderately convex 
shell, with subquadrangular, elevated, deeply furrowed scu¬ 
tella, and depressed rough areola. This is described by 
Seba under the appellation of testudo terrestris Brasiliensis. 
42. Testudo serrata.—Tortoise with depressed yellowish 
shell, minutely freckled with dusky specks; all the scutella 
of the disk carinated, and the hinder margin of the shell ser¬ 
rated. This is supposed by Dr. Shaw to be the testudo 
splengleri of Gmelin’s Linnean System. 
43. Testudo tricarinata.—Tortoise with oval, slightly con¬ 
vex shell, with entire margin, and all the scutella of the disk 
carinated. This species agrees, in shape and other par¬ 
ticulars, with Linneeus’s description of his testudo orbicularis. 
Shaw. 
44. Testudo scripta.—Tortoise with orbicular depressed 
shell, with all the scutella marked by variously.formed cha¬ 
racters, and the marginal pieces spotted beneath. This is the 
testudo scabra of Thunberg.—Its native place is not ascer¬ 
tained. Shaw. 
45. Testudo galeata.—Tortoise with depressed oval shell, 
with the three middle scutella sharply carinated, and twenty- 
four marginal pieces.—The native place of this species is not 
known; but it was brought to Retzius from India, and 
lived two years kept in fresh water: it subsisted on bread, 
&c., and sometimes on flies. From the beginning of October 
in the middle of May it remained without food, scarcely 
elevating its head above the water. It delighted in sunshine, 
and endeavoured to climb up the sides of the vessel occa¬ 
sionally, in order to enjoy its influence. It is doubtful, 
whether this be the testudo scabra of Linnaeus. It is called 
galeata by Retzius, from the armed or cataphracted covering 
of the head. Shaw. 
46. Testudo granulata, or chagrin tortoise.—With orbi¬ 
cular, flatfish, granulated shell, with cartilaginous border. 
This species seems to be allied to the testudo ferox, having 
the shield furnished with a cartilaginous and flexible border. 
It is described by M. Cepede, and was brought from India 
by M. Sonnerat. Shaw. 
Dr. Shaw, among the sea-tortoises or turtles, has described 
the turtle with green variegated shell, so named by the 
Count de Cepede.—These turtles are said to be found in 
great numbers in the Southern Ocean, and about Cape 
Blanco, in New Spain. They also occur in the gulf of 
Mexico, and many of the large American rivers, both above 
and below the line; but they have never been discovered in 
the seas of the Old Continent. The flesh is said to be very 
delicate; and is even preferred in some places to that of the 
common turtle. M. Bomare is said by Cepede to have first 
described this species. 
The “ trunk turtle” is mentioned by Catesby, who says, 
without ever having seen it, from the report of others, that 
these turtles grow to a very large size, of a narrow form, but 
very deep, the upper shell being more convex than in other 
kinds of turtle. Their flesh is rank, but affords a large quan¬ 
tity of oil, which constitutes their value. 
The “ rhinoceros turtle,” or la tortue nasicorne, has not 
been accurately described. Count de Cepede says, that it 
is a native of the American seas, and bears a general resem¬ 
blance to the common or green turtle ; but is distinguished by 
having a large soft tubercle on the tip of the snout, in which 
are situated the nostrils. It is eaten in the same manner as 
the green turtle, and is chiefly found in the equatorial regions. 
Shaw. 
TESTUDO Vel/furmis 2mdrabilis, an hemispherical 
vault or ceiling of a church, &c., in which four windows are 
so contrived, as that the rest of the vault is quadrable, or may 
be squared. 
TESTY, aclj. \testiu, Fr.; testoso, Ital., both rendered 
headstrong, as well as testy, by Cotgrave and Florio; thus 
pointing to the head, teste, testa, as the origin of the word.] 
Fretful; 
