918 
T E T 
T E T 
TETRAGONIA [abbreviated by Linnaeus, from Tefra- 
gonocarpus, a name of Commelin’s, given from the four- 
cornered form of the fruit.], in Botany, a genus of the class 
icosandria, order pentagynia, natural order of succulente, 
ficoideae (Juss.J —Generic Character. Calyx: perianth 
four-leaved, superior; leaflets four, ovate, bent down and 
flat, rolled back at the edge, coloured, permanent. Corolla 
none, unless the calyx be called so. Stamina: filaments 
twenty, capillary, shorter than the calyx. Anthers oblong, 
incumbent. Pistil: germ roundish, five cornered, inferior. 
Styles four, awl-shaped, recurved, length of the stamens. 
Stigmas longitudinal of the style, pubescent. Pericarp: 
drupe coriaceous, four-cornered, with four longitudinal 
wings, the opposite angles narrower, not opening. Seed 
one, bony, four-celled; kernels oblong.— Essential Cha¬ 
racter. Calyx three to five-parted. Petioles none. Drupe 
inferior, inclosing a nut from three to eight-celled. 
1. Tetragonia fruticosa, or shrubby tetragonia.—Shrub¬ 
by ; leaves linear; fruits winged. Flowers axillary, at every 
joint towards the ends of the branches, solitary, or two or 
three together.—This and all the species except the two last 
are natives of the Cape of Good Hope. 
2. Tetragonia decumbens, or trailing tetragonia.— 
Shrubby ; leaves obovate; fruits winged. This has larger 
stalks than the preceding, but they branch out in like 
manner. 
3. Tetragonia herbacea, or herbaceous tetragonia.—Her¬ 
baceous, even; leaves ovate, petioled ; fruits winged. 
4. Tetragonia hirsuta, or hairy tetragonia.—Herbaceous, 
hirsute, procumbent; leaves ovate, villose; flowers axillary, 
tern, sessile. 
5. Tetragonia spicata, or spiked tetragonia—Smooth, 
herbaceous, erect; lower leaves ovate, uppermost lanceolate, 
smooth ; flowers racemed. 
tj. Tetragonia echinata, or hedge hog tetragonia.—Her¬ 
baceous, leaves rhomb-ovate; fruits echinate. Root bien¬ 
nial. 
7. Tetragonia expansa, or horned tetragonia.— Herba¬ 
ceous, leaves ovate-rhombed ; fruits four-horned.—Native 
of New Zealand, by the sides of woods in bushy sandy 
places; also within the tropics on the shore of the island 
Tongatabu; and in Japan. 
8. Tetragonia crystallina, or diamond tetragonia.—Her¬ 
baceous, frosty; leaves ovate, sessile; fruits unarmed; root 
annual.—Found in Chancaye, a province of Peru, by Dom- 
bey, whence he sent the seeds to the Paris garden, where it 
flowers and fruits during the summer, growing up and pe¬ 
rishing in a few months. 
Propagation and Culture. —All the Cape plants may 
be propagated by cuttings, which should be cut off from the 
plants a few days before they are planted, that the part 
where they are cut may be healed, otherwise they will rot, for 
the leaves and stalks are very full of moisture. The best 
time to plant these cuttings is in July, that they may have 
time to make good roots before winter. The two last species 
are more tender, especially the eighth, and must be kept in 
the tan-stove. They are propagated only by seeds. 
TETRA'METER, s. [ tetrametrum , Lat.] A verse con¬ 
sisting of four feet.—The first are couplets interchanged of 
sixteen and fourteen feet; the second of equal tetrameters. 
Se/den. 
TETRA'METER, adj. Having four metrical feet.— 
Every reader who has an ear for metre will easily perceive, 
that it is written very exactly in verses of fifteen syllables 
without rhyme, in imitation of the most common species of 
the Latin tetrameter iambic. Tyrwhitt. 
TETRANTHUS [so named from having four flowers 
within one common calyx.], in Botany, a genus of the class 
syngenesia, order polygamia segregata, natural order of ca¬ 
pitate, cinarocephalae (Juss.) —Generic Character. Calyx: 
common five-leaved, four-flowered; leaflets linear, erect, 
ciliate, at the base of the florets. Perianth proper, one leafed, 
tubulous, attenuated at the base, compressed, oblique at the 
throat, ciliate at the edge, one-flowered, many times longer 
than the common calyx. Corolla: compound, uniform, 
equal. Corollets four, hermaphrodite. Proper one-petalled, 
funnel-form; tube gradually widening; border five-cleft, 
unequal; the two upper segments smaller and less divided, 
the three lower more spreading, oblong, obtuse. Stamina: 
filaments five, from the base of the corollets, half the length 
of the tube. Anther tubulous. Pistil: genn from the bot¬ 
tom of the perianth, under the filaments, oblong. Style 
longer than the stamens and corolla, filiform, divided be¬ 
yond the middle. Stigmas reflexed, linear, obtuse. Peri¬ 
carp none. Perianth proper, unchanged, permanent, in¬ 
cluding. Seed oblong, striated, crowned with the membra¬ 
naceous ciliate margin of the apex. Receptacle very small, 
naked .—Essential Character. Calyx common, four-flow¬ 
ered. Perianth proper, one-leafed. Seeds crowned. 
Tetranthus littoralis.—R is an annual plan.—Native of 
Hispaniola. 
TETRAO, in Ornithology, a genus of the Gallinae order 
of birds; the characters of which are, that it has aspot near 
the eyes naked, or papillose, or rarely covered with feathers. 
R comprehends sixty-seven species, classed under several divi¬ 
sions and subdivisions. 
I.—With the naked spot above the eyes, and hairy legs. 
Lagopodeb. —With four-toed feet. 
1. Tetroa urogallus.—.With roundish tail, and white axillae. 
This is the cock of the wood of Ray and Willughby, and 
wood grous of Pennant and Latham. 
2. Tetrao phasianellus.—With wedge-shaped tail; head, 
neck, and body above, testaceous, and black-banded.— 
Found in Hudson’s Bay and the uncultivated parts of Vir¬ 
ginia. 
3. Tetrao tetrix.—With bifurcated fail, secondary quills 
white towards the base. This is the urogallus minor of 
Brisson and Gesner, and black cock, black game, or black 
grous of Ray, Willughby, Pennant, and J^atham.—Found 
in the woods, heaths, &c. of the cold parts of Europe and 
Siberia. See Grouse. 
4. Tetrao nemesianus.—With red tail, spotted with black ; 
black tip, and body varied with black and red : the Neme- 
sian grous of Latham. 
5. Tetrao betulinus.—With black tail, varied with black 
transverse spots ; and rump whitish, with black bands: the 
birch grous of Latham. 
6. Tetrao Canadensis.—With black tail-feathers, yellow 
at the tip, and two whitestreaks at the eyes: the black and 
spotted heath-cock of Edwards. 
7. Tetrao canace.—With entire tail, and white spot near 
the ears and nostrils—Found at Hudson’s Bay. 
8. Tetrao lagopus.—Cinereous; hairy toes; white quills; 
black tail-feathers, tipped with white ; the intermediate white; 
this is the white game of Willughby, and ptarmigan of Pen¬ 
nant and Latham.—Found in Siberia and the northern parts 
of Europe. 
9. TetTao albus.—Orange, varied with black bands and 
white streaks; hairy toes; tail-feathers black, tipped with white; 
the intermediate wholly white : this is the white partridge of 
Ellis and Edwards, and the white grous of Pennant and La¬ 
tham.—Found gregarious in the forests of North America, 
Europe, and Asia. 
10. Tetrao rupestris.—Orange, varied with black bands and 
whitestreaks; plumose toes; black tail-feathers tipped with 
white; the intermediate wholly white with black lores: this 
is the rock grous of Pennant.—Found at Hudson’s Bay. 
11. Tetrao lapponicus.—With naked scaly legs; withasu- 
perciliary scarlet line covered with a membrane of the same co¬ 
lour ; the primary quill-leathers and tail-feathers tipped with 
white. 
12. Tetrao cupido.—With succenturiate cervical wings: 
the attinga Americana of Brisson, and pinnated grous of the 
Arctic Zoology and of Latham.—Found in North America. 
13. Tetrao umbellus.—With the cervical umbo exstant: 
this is the ruffed heath-cock of Edwards, and ruffed grous of 
Latham.—Found in North America. 
14. Tetrao togatus.—With the greater axillary feathers 
black-azure; this is the bonasia major canadensis of Brisson 
and 
