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T H A 
T H A 
very many, wider at top, compressed, longer than the 
corolla. Anthers oblong, erect. Pistil: styles very many, 
very short. Germs many, commonly pedicelled, roundish. 
Styles none. Stigmas thickish. Pericarp, none. Seeds 
many, grooved, ovate, tailless. Thalictrum tuberosum and 
cornutum have a five-petalled corolla.—Thalictrum dioicum 
has the sexes distinct. Thalictrum aquilegifolium and con- 
tortum have the seeds pedicelled, pendulous, and three- 
sided with wings. Number of stamens and pistils 
different in the several species.— Essential Character. Ca¬ 
lyx none. Petals four or five. Seeds tailless. 
1. Thalictrum Alpinum, or Alpine meadow rue.—Stem 
quite simple, almost naked; raceme simple terminating. 
The root consists of a few simple fibres, and creeps just 
below the surface by horizontal runners. It is a delicate 
little plant, scarcely a span high, and truly alpine.—Native 
of Lapland, Wales, and Scotland, in wet black mould in 
the clefts of rocks, or on the spongy margins of little rills 
on very high mountains, and not rare in such situations. 
It is perennial, and flowers early in summer. 
2. Thalictrum foetjdum, or fetid meadow rue.—Stem 
panicled, filiform very branching, leafy. Stem about six or 
seven inches high. Flowers in loose panicles, small, and of 
an herbaceous white colour.—Native of the South of France, 
Switzerland, the Valais and Piedmont. 
3. Thalictrum tuberosum, or tuberous-rooted meadow 
rue.—Flowers five-petalled, root tuberous. This has knobbed 
roots.—Native of Spain. 
4. Thalictrum cornuti, or Canadian meadow rue.—Flow¬ 
ers dioecious, leaflets ovate trifid, panicles terminating. 
Height three feet. Flowers in many pale-purple heads, five 
petalled, white. There is a variety of this, which is some¬ 
what smaller, and has pale purple filaments, which in the 
other are white.—Native of North America. 
5. Thalictrum dioicum, or dioecious meadow rue.—Flow¬ 
ers dioecious, leaves roundish cordate lobed, lobes obtuse, 
peduncles axillary shorter than the leaf. Height scarcely a 
foot. Stem straight.—Native of North America. 
6. Thalictrum elatum, or tall meadow rue.—Leaflets ovate, 
subcordate, subtrifid; panicled terminating; flowers erect; 
stem roundish.—Native of Hungary. 
7. Thalictrum majus, or great meadow rue.—Leaflets 
roundish, subcordate trifid, glaucous beneath; panicle leafy, 
flowers drooping.—Native of Austria and Hungary in woody 
places. It has been discovered in England, by Mr. Robson, 
on a bushy hill at Baysdale near Darlington, and also on 
the margin of Ullswater in Cumberland. 
8. Thalictrum medium, or middle meadow rue.—Leaflets 
oblong, wedge-shaped, acute trifid, the uppermost undivided 
lanceolate, flowers nearly upright.—Native of Hungary on 
hills. 
9. Thalictrum minus, or small meadow rue.—Leaves 
tripinnate, leaflets trifid glaucous, flowers panicled drooping. 
Root fibrous. Stem almost upright, a foot high, flexuose, 
grooved ; glaucous with a blueish bloom, leafy panicled. 
Lower leaves very large, patulous, tripinnate almost from the 
base; leaflets cordate or wedge-shaped, trifid, sometimes 
gashed, smooth, glaucous. Panicle spreading, compound. 
Flowers pedicelled, drooping. Petals four, elliptic, glau¬ 
cous-purple. Seeds grooved.—Native of many parts of Eu¬ 
rope, in meadows. In Britain it occurs in various parts of 
the country in calcareous soils; but being found only in 
such, it is by no means a common plant. 
10. Thalictrum rugosum, or rough meadow rue.—Stem 
striated, leaves wrinkled veined, lobules blunt.—Native of 
North America. 
11. Thalictum Sibiricum, or Siberian meadow rue.—• 
Leaves three-parted, leaflets subreflexed, sharply cut, flowers 
drooping —Native of Siberia and Armenia. 
12. Thalictrum squarrosum.—Leaflets trifid and undi¬ 
vided, petioles embracing, mebranaceous winged flowers 
drooping.—Native of Siberia. 
13. Thalictrum purpurascens.—Leaves three-parted, stem 
twice as high as the leaves, flowers drooping.—Native of 
Canada. 
14. Thalictrum augustifolium, or narrow-leaved meadow 
rue.—Leaflets lanceolate-linear, quite entire.—Native of 
Germany, Switzerland, Carniola, and Italy. 
15. Thalictrum flavum, or common meadow rue.—Leaves 
bipinnate, leaflets trifid, stem grooved, panicled branched 
very much, and contracted, flowers^ erect. Root yellow. 
Stem two or three feet high, upright, simple below, panicled 
above, smooth, so strongly furrowed, as to be almost angu¬ 
lar, leafy. Leaves alternate, twice compounded in a ternate 
order ; their common footstalk with a short sheathing base 
and a toothed intrafoliaceous stipule; leaflets somewhat 
wedge-shaped, commonly trifid, but sometimes undivided, 
entire, varying much in breadth and sharpness, veiny; 
glaucous beneath.—Native of Europe: frequent with us in 
wet meadows, and and on the banks of rivers and ditches: 
flowering in June. 
Thalictrum simplex. Thalictrum lucidum. Thalictrum 
aquilegifolium. Thalictrum contortum. Thalictrum peta- 
loideum. Thalictrum styloideum. Thalictrum Japonicum. 
Propagation and Culture .—These plants are generally 
propagated by parting their roots in September, when the 
leaves begin to decay, and they may take fresh root before 
frost comes on. They may be planted in almost any soil or 
situation, provided it be not very hot and dry; but they 
mostly prefer a fresh light soil, and a shady situation. 
TIIALLITE, in Mineralogy. See Mineralogy. 
TIIALMESSINGEN, a petty town of the south-west of 
Germany, in Bavaria ; 13 miles north of Eichstadt. 
THALWEIL, a large village of Switzerland, in the 
canton of Zurich, on the west coast of the lake of Zurich, and 
6 miles from that town. 
THAME, a market town and parish of England, in the 
county of Oxford. It is situated on a river of the same 
name, which is navigable for barges, and runs into the 
Thames at Dorchester, in this county. The parish contains 
about 4600 acres of land, and is divided into six hamlets or 
liberties, termed Old Thame, New Thame, Priestend, Thame 
Park, Moreton, and North Weston. A school, once of 
much celebrity, and some alms-houses, were founded here by 
John, lord Williams. The school-house is a large and hand¬ 
some building, situated near the church; and the school¬ 
room is of noble dimensions, and of very appropriate form. 
During the civil wars of the 17th century, it was unhap¬ 
pily surrounded by garrisons of the contending parties, and 
experienced its full share of the miseries of the period. An¬ 
tony Wood, the Oxford antiquary, who was at that time a 
student in the town, has left a minute account of several skir¬ 
mishes, to which he was witness. The celebrated lord chief 
justice Holt was a native of this place. Market on Tuesday, 
and two annual fairs; 13 miles east of Oxford, and 45 north¬ 
west of London. Lat. 51. 45. N. long. 0. 59. W. 
THAMES, one of the most noted rivers of Great Bri¬ 
tain, whether we consider the length of its course, its 
body of water, or the vast commerce of which it is the 
centre. The source of this celebrated river has given rise to 
some dispute, its origin having been ascribed to different 
springs on the borders of Gloucestershire and Wiltshire, 
which form their union previous to their reaching Oxford¬ 
shire. Cricklade in Wiltshire is the central town of this dis¬ 
trict, and some will have the source of the Thames to be a 
clear fountain in its vicinity, while others again take the ri¬ 
vulets which advance from Swindon and Highworth in 
Wiltshire (one of which is called the Rey); and many argue 
for the Churn of Gloucestershire, which rises in the hilly 
track of the Cotteswold, encircling the vale of Cheltenham, 
and flows to the south-east, by Cirencester, and through the 
extensive woods of Lord Bathurst, to Cricklade. The dis¬ 
pute is not of consequence, as none of these fountains in 
their origin differ materially from a common rivulet. These 
inconsiderable streams unite near Lechlade, where the river 
becomes navigable for barges. About a mile below its 
source the river may properly be said to form a constant cur¬ 
rent ; which, though not more than nine feet wide in the sum¬ 
mer, yet, in the winter, becomes such a torrent, as to over¬ 
flow the meadows for many miles round. But, in the 
summer, 
