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THE 
THE 
tinople, or the fifth general council, held in 553, and also 
in Facundus, and in the Greek Chains. Fabricius assures 
us, that his commentary upon the Twelve Prophets is still 
extant in manuscript in the emperor’s library at Vienna ; and 
Montfaucon speaks of its being in the library of St. Mark at 
Venice, as well as in the library at Vienna, and in the 
Vatican. Some learned moderns have charged Theodore 
with adopting sentiments concerning the person of Christ 
similar to those of the present Unitarians; but of this fact 
there is no satisfactory evidence. Mosheirn. Lardner. 
THEODORE of Tarsus, a monk of that city, was or¬ 
dained bishop by pope Vitalian, and being sent into England 
in the year 668, at the desire of king Egbert, was appointed 
to govern the church of Canterbury. With a view to the 
restoration of the neglected discipline of penance, he pub¬ 
lished a book of canons, under the title of “ Penitential.” 
In this book, sins were distributed into various classes, ac¬ 
cording to their respective nature and aggravation; and 
various kinds of penance were assigned to them; forms of 
consolation, exhortation, and absolution were prescribed, 
and other such matters respecting discipline were regulated. 
It is still ex'ant, in an imperfect state; and an edition of it 
was published at Paris by Petit, in 1679, 4to., with notes 
and dissertations. Dupin. 
THEODORET, a learned prelate of the Greek church, 
was born at Antioch about the year 386. Theodoret bears 
a high rank among the ancients, as a commentator, on the 
scriptures, for the purity of his Attic style, and the clearness 
and good sense of his explanations. He wrote commenta¬ 
ries upon most parts of the sacred scriptures. His “ Eccle¬ 
siastical History,” comprised in five books, may be consi¬ 
dered as a supplement to those of Socrates and Sozomen ; 
beginning where that of Eusebius ends, at the rise of Arian- 
ism in 322 or 323, and terminating in 428. Its style, ac¬ 
cording to Photius, is clear and sublime, but too much 
abounding in metaphors. His “ Philotheus,” or treatise on 
the monastic life, the genuineness of which some have ques¬ 
tioned without sufficient reason, relates the actions and extols 
the piety of the Eastern monks, and abounds with instances 
of the credulity and superstition of the times. In his work 
entitled “ Of Heretical Fables,” in five books, he distributes 
the different heresies into classes, and concludes with a state¬ 
ment of the faith of the Catholic church. “ The Cure of 
the false Opinions of the Heathens,” in twelve discourses, is 
a learned and valuable apology for Christianity. Lardner 
has given copious extracts from this performance, which 
merit high commendation. 
THEODORIC. See Rome and Goths. 
THEODOSIA, St., a small island in the North Pacific 
Ocean. Lat. 62. 20. N. long. 192. 0. E. 
THEODOSIUS. See Rome. 
THEODOSIUS, an eminent mathematician, was born at 
Tripoli, and flourished about the second or third century. 
On the doctrine of the Sphere, he wrote three books, con¬ 
taining a considerable number of propositions, demonstrated 
in the pure geometrical manner of the ancients, and esta¬ 
blishing the geometrical principles of astronomy. Ptolemy 
and succeeding writers availed themselves of these books, 
which were translated by the Arabians from the original 
Greek into their own language. They were afterwards trans¬ 
lated from the Arabic into Latin, and printed at Venice; 
but the defects of the Arabic version were supplied in a more 
complete edition, published in Greek and Latin, at Paris, in 
1556, 4to., by John Pena, regius professor of astronomy. 
Montucla Hist, des Mathem, 
THEOGAMIA l@eoyay.ia, Gr.], in Antiquity, a Sicilian 
festival, in honour of Proserpine, which seems to have been 
instituted in memory of her marriage with Pluto. 
THEOGNIS, a Greek poet, was a native of Megara, in 
Attica, and flourished about the year B. C. 546. He has 
been denominated “ Gnomologus,” or the writer of sen¬ 
tence: and we have extant a work written by him, without 
orders, consisting of moral maxims or precepts, simply ex¬ 
pressed and destitute of poetical ornaments, versified, pro¬ 
bably, for assisting the memory. Athenaeus reckons him 
among the advocates for licentious pleasures; and Suidas 
refers to a work of his composition, entitled “ Exhortations” 
or “ Admonitions,” which contained various impurities. In 
the verses that now remain, nothing of this kind appears. 
“ The Sentences of Theognis” have been often printed by 
themselves, and with the works of other minor Greek poets. 
Among the best editions, are those of Camerarius and Sylbur- 
gius. Gen. Biog. 
THEOGONY [formed from the Gr. ©ev$, God, and Aoso?, 
geniture, seed, offspring'], that branch of the heathen theo¬ 
logy which taught the genealogy of their gods. 
Hesiod gives us the ancient theogony, in a poem under 
that title. See Poetry and Hesiod. 
THEO'GONY, s. [theogonie, Fr.; Sreoyovi a, Gr.] The 
generation of the gods. Cockeram. —The theogony of the 
heathens could admit of such different turns and figurative 
expressions, as suited the fancy and judgment of each philo¬ 
sopher or poet. Ld, Shaftesbury. 
THEO'LOGASTER, s. A kind of quack in divinity, 
as a medicaster in physic; a low writer or student in divi¬ 
nity.— Theologasters are not contented to see the sun and 
moon, measure their site and biggest distance in a glass, cal¬ 
culate their motions, or visit the moon in a poetical fiction; 
but will transcend spheres, soar higher yet, and see what 
God himself doth. The Jewish thalmudists take upon them 
to determine how God spends his whole time. Burton. 
THEO'LOGER, or Theolo'gian, s. [theologien, Fr.; 
theo/ogus, Lat.] A divine ; a professor of divinity. 
They to their viands fell: nor seemingly 
The angel, nor in mist, the common gloss 
Of theologians, but with keen dispatch 
Of real hunger. Milton. 
THEOLO'GIC, or Theolo'gical, adj. \theologique, 
Fr.; theologia, Lat.] Relating to the science of divinity. 
—Although some pens have only symbolized the same from 
the mystery of its colours, yet are there other affections 
might admit of theological allusions. Brown. 
THEOLO'GICALLY, adv. According to the principles 
of theology.—Such things as exceed the faculty and possibi¬ 
lity of nature, are properly and theologically miracles. 
Dr. Westfeild. 
THEO'LOGIST, or Tiie'ologue, s. [ tkeologus, Lat.] 
A divine; one studious in the science of divinity.—The car¬ 
dinals of Rome, which are thsologues, friars, and school¬ 
men, call all temporal business, of wars, embassages, shir- 
rery, which is under-sheriffries. Bacon. 
A theologue more by need than genial bent; 
Int’rest in all his actions was discern’d. Dryden. 
THEOLOGIUM [formed from the Gr. @e«?, and \oyat;, 
speech, or discourse'], in the ancient theatre, was a place, 
or little stage, above that on which the ordinary actors ap¬ 
peared. It was the place where their gods appeared : thus 
there was a theologium required for the representation of the 
Ajax of Sophocles, and the Hippolitus of Euripides. Seal. 
Poet. 
To TIIEO'LOGIZE, v. a. To render theological.— 
School-divinity was but Aristotle’s philosophy theologized. 
Glanville. 
THEO'LOGY, s. [theologie, Fr.; SrcoXoyia, Gr.] Divi¬ 
nity.—The whole drift of the Scripture of God, what is it 
but only to teach theology ? Theology, what is it but the 
science of things divine ? Hooker. 
THEO'MACHIST, s. One who fights against the gods. 
Bailey. 
THEO'MACHY, 5. [&«« and ya X y, Gr.] The fight 
against the gods by the giants. It is used also for opposition 
to the divine will.—To have all men happy or unhappy as 
they were our friends or enemies, and to give form to the 
world according to our own humours, is the true theomachy . 
Bacon. 
THEON, a mathematician of the Platonic school, was a 
native of Smyrna, and flourished under the emperors Trajan 
and Adrian. His mathematical treatises are said to have 
been 
