T H L 
946 
simple, length of the stamens. Stigma obtuse. Pericarp: 
silicle compressed, obcordate, emarginate, with the style the 
length of the notch, two-celled ; partition lanceolate; valves 
boat-shaped, margined and keeled. Seeds several, nodding, 
fastened to the sutures .—Essential Character. Silicle 
emarginate, obcordate, many-seeded ; valves boat-shaped, 
margined, and keeled. 
1. Thlaspi peregrinum, or foreign bastard cress.—Silicles 
suborbiculate ; leaves lanceolate, quite entire. Stems a span 
high-, flowers small, red, with ovate entire petals.—Native of 
Carniolia. 
2. Thlaspi Arabicum, or Arabian bastard cress.—Silicles 
oval styled; tower leaves wedge-shaped; upper cordate, ob¬ 
long, embracing. Stems herbaceous. 
3. Thlaspi arvense, field bastard cress, penny cress, or 
smooth mithridate mustard.—Silicles orbicular, compressed, 
even; leaves oblong, toothed, smooth. Root annual, small. 
Herb smooth. Stem a foot or more in height, having a few 
branches at top. Flowers small, in racemes. Peduncles 
alternate, nearly horizontal, one-flowered. Petals white.— 
Native of Europe and Japan, in corn-fields. 
4. Thlaspi alliaceum, or garlic bastard cress.—Silicles 
subovate, ventricose; leaves oblong,obtuse, toothed, smooth. 
—Native of Austria and Germany. 
5. ThlaspiPsychine, or long-styled bastard cress.—Silicles 
obovate-deltoid, styled; leaves lanceolate, cordate, toothed, 
embracing, pubescent.—Native of Barbary, near Mayane, on 
the borders of fields. 
6. Thlaspi saxatile, or rock bastard cress.—Silicles round¬ 
ish ; leaves lanceolate-linear, obtuse, fleshy.—Native of the 
south of Europe. 
7. Thlaspi hirtum, or hairy bastard cress—Silicles elliptic- 
oblong, hairy, undotted, margined above; stem-leaves 
sagittate, villose.—Native of Italy, the south of France, and 
Austria. 
8. Thlaspi campestre, wild bastard cress or common 
mithridate mustard.—Silicles roundish, glandular, dotted, 
margined above; leaves sagittate, toothed, hoary.—Native of 
Europe and Barbary, in corn-fields; it has two varieties. 
9. Thlaspi montanum, or mountain bastard cress.—Silicles 
obcordate; leaves smooth; root-leaves somewhat fleshy, obo- 
vate, quite entire; stem-leaves oblong, embracing, subsagittate; 
corollas larger than the calyx.—Native of Germany, Austria, 
the south of France, and Italy. 
10. Thlaspi alpinum, or alpine bastard cress.—Silicles 
obcordate; stem-leaves cordate, smooth, quite entire; petals 
twice as long as the calyx, stem simple. 
] ]. Thlaspi perfoliatum, perfoliate bastard cress, or shep¬ 
herd’s purse.—Silicles obcordate; stem-leaves sagittate-cordate, 
embracing; stem branched; style very short.—Native of Ger¬ 
many, Switzerland, Austria, the south of Fiance, Italy, and 
England. 
12. Thlaspi alpestre, dwarf bastard cress, or shepherd’s 
purse.—Silicles obovate, retuse, many-seeded; stem-leaves 
sagittate’; stems simple; style stretched out.—Native of Ger¬ 
many, Switzerland, Austria, the south of France, Italy, and 
England. 
13. Thlaspi bursa pastoris, common shepherd’s purse, or 
pouch.—Hirsute; silicles deltoid-obcordate; root-leaves pin- 
natifid. Root annual, fibrous. Stem about a foot high, up¬ 
right, round, branched, leafy, rough, pinnatifid, the segments 
varying much in form. Stem-leaves oblong, embracing, 
toothed. All more or less hairy. Flowers in corymbs, 
lengthening out into racemes.—This plant, which grows na¬ 
turally in most parts of the world, is a strong instance of the 
influence of soil and situation; sometimes not being more than 
two or three inches high, when it flowers and perfects its seeds, 
whilst in other situations it attains the height of as many feet. 
On walls and in dry situations the root-leaves are more deeply 
divided, and the segments become much narrower; in cul¬ 
tivated ground they are broader and less jagged; in a dry 
barren chalk the plant becomes very small with a single un¬ 
divided stem, and the leaves all entire. 
14. Thlaspi ceratocarpon, or Siberian bastard cress.—Very 
smooth; stem grooved; leaves sagittate, lanceolate, subser- 
rate; silicles two-lobed.—Native of the salt plains of Siberia. 
T H O 
Propagation and Culture. —Sow the seeds where the 
plants are to remain, either in spring or autumn ; but the latter 
season is to be preferred. When the plants come up, thin them 
where they are too close, and keep them clean from weeds. 
Shepherd’s purse is a common weed every where. It in¬ 
creases so fast by seeds, that a garden is not easily cleared of 
it, when they are permitted to shed. 
THLIBIiE, a kmd of Eunuchs. See Thlasias. 
THLIPSIS, [-JA(7rcr^, Gr.] is used by anatomists, for the 
compression of any vessel or aperture, by which its cavity is 
lessen ed. 
THNETOPSYCHITES, composed of Srrilo;, mortal , and 
ipvXP> soul, in Ecclesiastical History'; a sect in the ancient 
church, who believed the soul of man perfectly like that of 
brutes; and taught that it died with the body. 
THO, adv. [8a, Saxon; tha, Icel.] Then.— Tho to a 
hill his fainting flock he led. Spenser — Tho' contracted for 
though. 
THOA, in Botany, a genus of the class monoecia, order 
polyandria, natural order of urticse ( Juss .)—Generic Cha¬ 
racter.—Male : flowers in spikes.—Calyx none. Corolla 
none. Stamina: filaments at the top of each joint in the 
spike, numerous, short. Anthers very small.—Female: flow¬ 
ers, at the base of the spike, one on each side sessile.—Calyx 
none. Corolla none. Pistil: germ ovate. Style scarcely 
any. Stigma three or four-cleft, very small. Pericarp 
oblong, brittle, one-celled. Seed one, oblong, in a brit¬ 
tle shell, covered with very small rigid pungent bristles, 
weaved into a sort of dry aril.— Essential Character. Calyx 
and corolla none.—Male: stamina numerous, at the joints of 
the spike. Female: germs two, at the base of the male spike, 
one on each side sessile.—Stigma three or four-cleft. Seed 
in a brittle shell, covered with a bristly web. 
Thoa urens.—This is a shrub, rising with a tortuous stem to 
about the length of ten feet, and emitting several twisted and 
climbing branches upon the neighbouring trees ; the bark is 
rough and greyish; the wood white and spongy; the leaves 
opposite, smooth, green, entire, and oval, terminating in a 
sharp point; the largest are about five inches and a half long, 
and about three inches wide; the spikes of male flowers spring 
from the bosoms of the leaves and the tips of the branches, 
and on each side the base of the male flowers is a female one. 
The native name of the plant is thoa, found in Guiana. 
THOARD, a small town in the south-east of France, de¬ 
partment of the Lower Alps, near the small river Raduge. 
Population 1000 ; 6 miles north-west of Digne. 
THOCKRINGTON, or Tockerington, a hamlet of Eng- 
la nd, in Northumberland; 10| miles north-by-east of Hexham. 
THOGRAI, a Persian of Ispahan, who was grand vizier 
to the sultan Malich Mashud, is celebrated for his poetical 
talents, a specimen of which is given by Pococke; and for 
a commentary upon the republic of Plato, to whom the 
Saracens paid little attention. After a strange reverse of 
fortune, Thograi was put to death by order of the sultan, in 
the year 1121. 
THOISSEY, a small town in the east of France, depart¬ 
ment of the Ain, on the small river Chalaronne. Population 
1400 ; 11 miles south of Macon. 
THOKES, in our old writers, fish with broken bellies, 
forbid by statute to be mixed or packed with tale-fish. 
22 Ed. IV. cap. 2. 
To THOLE, v. a. [thulan, Goth.; 8ohan Sax.] To 
bear; to endure; to undergo.—So mochel woe as I have 
with you tholed. Chaucer. 
To THOLE, v. n. [tola, Su. Goth.] To wait a while: a 
northern expression. 
THOLE, s. [tholus, Lat.] The roof a temple.—Let altars 
smoke, and tholes expect our spoils. Fuimus. —See Thowl. 
THOLEN, or Ter Tholen, a town of the Netherlands, 
in the province of Zealand, in the island of Tholen ; 4 miles 
north-west of Bergen-op-Zoom, and 22 north-north-west of 
Antwerp. 
THOLEN, a small island of the Netherlands, near the 
mouth of the Scheldt, belonging to the province of Zealand ; 
it is about 12 miles long and 6 broad. 
THOLES, denote small pins driven perpendicularly into 
the 
