T H O 
T H O 
the upper edge of a boat. In rowing, the oar passes between 
the two tholes, in the space called the row-lock. 
THOLIMAN, a settlement of Mexico, in the intendancy 
of Queretaro, containing 132 families of Indians. 
THOLTHORPE, a township of England, North Riding 
of Yorkshire ; 4 miles west-south-west of Easingwold. 
THOMjEANS, Thomeans, or Thomites, a people of 
the East Indies, in Cochin, and upon the coast of Malabar 
and Coromandel, who, according to tradition, received the 
Gospel from the apostle St. Thomas. 
THOMAR, a town in the central part of Portugal, in 
Estremadura, near the river Nabao. It is regularly built, 
contains 5000 inhabitants, and has an establishment for 
spinning cotton, some soap-works, and a little trade in olive 
oil; 17 miles north-north-west of Abrantes. 
THOMAS (Antony Leonard), a distinguished French 
writer, was born in the diocese of Clermont, in Auvergne, 
in the year 1732, and designed for the profession of the law; 
but his attachment to literature, induced him to prefer a 
professorship in the college of Beauvais. His career as a 
writer commenced in 1756, by “ Reflections, historical and 
literary, on Voltaire’s poem on Natural Religion.” His 
eulogies, particularly those on Descartes and Marcus Au¬ 
relius, were highly commended. His “ Essai sur les Cha- 
racteres, les Moeurs, et l’Esprit des Femmes,” 1772, is a 
sprightly performance, in which fine writing and philoso¬ 
phical observation are combined. As a poet he appears to 
advantage in his “ Epitre au Peuple,” his “ Ode sur les 
Temps,” and his “ Poeme de Jumonville.” His epic poem, 
entitled “ Le Petreide,” the hero of which was czar Peter, 
was left unfinished. His death took place in September, 
1785, at the age of 53. His works, in prose and verse, 
were published at Paris, in 7 vols. 8vo. Gen. Biog. 
THOMAS (Christian), an eclectic philosopher of the 
German schools, who deserves notice on account of the 
boldness with which he threw off the yoke of human an- 
thority, and the perseverance with which, against much 
opposition, and in many vicissitudes of fortune, he main¬ 
tained and exercised the right of free inquiry. He was born 
at Leipsic, in the year 1655, and finished his course of edu¬ 
cation in the university of his native city. Upon a perusal 
of Puffendorf’s Apology for rejecting the scholastic prin¬ 
ciples of morals and law, he renounced implicit deference to 
all ancient dogmas; and engaged in reading lectures on the 
subject of natural law, first from the text of Grotius, and 
afterwards from that of Putfendorf, in the full exercise of his 
own judgment, with prudent caution while his father lived, 
but after his death with a boldness which incurred the 
violent resentment of theologians and professors. In 1687, 
he published an “ Introduction to Putfendorf,” in which 
he deduced the obligation of morality from natural princi¬ 
ples, and thus gave great offence. In the following year he 
became still more unpopular, by commencing a monthly 
' literary journal, entitled “Free Thoughts; or, Monthly 
Dialogues on various Books, chiefly new;” containing a 
severe attack upon many of his contemporaries. Soon after 
he publishedjanother satirical work, “ On the Divine Right 
of Kings,” “ A Defence of the Sect of the Pietists,” and 
some other eccentric works of the same general character, 
for which he was threatened with imprisonment; but ob¬ 
taining permission from the elector of Brandenburgh to 
retire, he became a voluntary exile from Leipsic ; and soon 
after was appointed public professor of jurisprudence, first in 
Berlin, and afterwards at Halle. In these situations he in¬ 
dulged his satirical humour, and his inclination for contro¬ 
versy, as long as he lived; persevering in his endeavours to 
correct and subdue the prejudices of mankind, and to im¬ 
prove the state of philosophy. He died at Halle, in the 
year 1728. His principal philosophical works are, “ An 
Introduction to Aulic Philosophy; or Outlines of the Art of 
Thinking and Reasoning,” Leips. 1688; “ Introduction to 
Rational Philosophy;” “A Logical Praxis,” Hal. 1691 ; 
“ Introduction to Moral Philosophy,” 1692 ; “ A Cure for 
irregular Passions, and the Doctrine of Self-knowledge,” 
1696; “ The new Art of discovering the secret Thoughts of 
947 
Men;” “Divine Jurisprudence;” “ Foundations of the 
Law of Nature and Nations;” “Dissertation on the Crime 
of Magic;” “ Essay on the Nature and Essence of Spirit, or 
Principles of Natural and Moral Science,” 1699; and 
“ History of Wisdom and Folly.” 
THOMAS CREEK, a river of the United States, in South 
Carolina, which runs into the Great Pedee. 
THOMAS, St., the Apostle, a parish of England, in 
the vicinity of Exeter. Population 2538. 
THOMAS, St., Street, a hamlet of England, in Corn¬ 
wall, on the south-east side of the borough of Launceston. 
THOMAS, St., a pretty considerable island in the Gulf of 
Guinea, off the coast of Africa, being about 100 miles west 
from the mouth of the Rio Gabon. It appears to be about 
40 miles in length, and 30 in breadth. This island is situated 
immediately under the line. Lat. 0.5. to 0.50. N. long. 6.25. E. 
THOMAS, St., a settlement of Mexico, in the intendancy 
of Valladolid, containing 593 families of Indians.—2d. A 
settlement of New Granada, in the province of Carthagena, 
on the shore of the river Magdalena.—It is the name of 
several other inconsiderable settlements in Spanish America. 
THOMAS, St., the principal of the Virgin islands, in the 
West Indies, about 18 miles in circumference, belonging to 
the Brandenburgers and Danes, the former under protection 
of the latter. It abounds with potatoes, millet, manioc, and 
most sorts of fruits and herbage, especially sugar aud to¬ 
bacco. The value of its exports, when in possession of the 
British, amounted to above £800,000, and its imports to 
above £ 300,000. Lat. 18. 22. N. long. 64. 50. W. 
THOMAS, St., a small village of Mexico, in America, 
situated on the Rio del Norte. 
THOMAS, St., a village of Lower Canada, delightfully 
situated on the southern bank of the St. Lawrence, where it 
is joined by the Riviere du Sud. 
THOMAS, St., a parish of the United Stales, in 'Charles¬ 
ton district, South Carolina. 
THOMAS’S BAY, on the west coast of the island of 
Antigua. It affords some shelter from the south and south¬ 
east winds. 
THOMAS’S ISLAND, an island on the west coast of 
Mexico. Lat. 20. 10. N. 
THOMAS’S, St., Lake, a lake of Canada; 96 miles 
west of Quebec. Lat. 47. 10. N. long. 73. 35. W. 
THOMAS, Port St., a harbour of the bay of Honduras, 
on the Spanish Main, which is very secure, aud much fre¬ 
quented. 
THOMAS, San, a city of Guiana, situated on the right 
bank of the river Orinoco, about 244 miles west of its mouth. 
It is of a hot temperature, and very unhealthy, from the 
damps arising from the stagnant waters left by the floodings 
of the Orinoco. Lat, 8. 7. N. long. 63. 55. W. 
TIIOMAS1US (Jacobus), a writer in history and philoso¬ 
phy, professor of eloquence in the university of Leipsic, 
and chiefly distinguished as the preceptor of the illustrious 
Leibnitz, was born at Leipsic, in the year 1622. Among 
his numerous works, the principal are “ Antiquities of Phi¬ 
losophical and Ecclesiastical History ;” “ Dissertations on 
the Stoical Philosophy, and on other subjects relating to the 
History of Philosophy;” and “ A Dissertation on Literary 
Plagiarism, with a List of 100 Plagiaries,” all in Latin. He 
died in the year 1684. Brucker. Morcri. 
THOMASIUS (Christian), son of the preceding, an 
eminent jurist, was born at Leipsic, in 1655. Having studied 
the law at Francfort on the Oder, he was made a doctor in 
that faculty in 1679 ; and returning to his native city, he 
attended the bar, and wrote some treatises on the law. He 
was the friend of Puffendorf. By opposing the scholastic 
philosophy in a German journal, commenced in 1688, he 
excited opposition, and raised against himself many enemies. 
He died in 1728. Mosheim has given this character of Tho- 
masius. “ His views were vast; he aimed at the reformation 
of philosophy in general, and of the Peripatetic system in 
particular; and he assiduously employed both the power of 
exhortation and the influence of example, in order to per¬ 
suade the Saxons to reject the Aristotelian system, which he 
had 
