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THORNE, Grafton, a township of England, in Nor¬ 
thumberland ; 10 miles west-by-north of Hexham. 
THORNE, St. Margaret’s, a parish of England, in 
Somersetshire ; 3 miles west of Wellington. 
THORNER, a township of England, West Riding of 
Yorkshire; 6f miles south-by-west of Wetherby. Popula¬ 
tion 621. 
THORNEY, a parish of England, in the county of Cam¬ 
bridge; 10 miles north-by-west of March. 
THORNEY, a parish of England, in Nottinghamshire ; 
81 miles east-by-north of Tuxford. 
THORNEY, a hamlet of England, in the parish of Kings¬ 
bury Episcopi, Somersetshire. 
THORNEY, West, a parish of England, in Sussex ; 7 
miles west-by-south of Chichester. 
THORNEY-BURN, a hamlet of England, in the parish of 
Simonburn, Northumberland. 
THORNFORD, a parish of England, in Dorsetshire; 3f 
miles south-west-by-south of Sherborne. 
THORN-GREEN, a parish of England, in Bedfordshire; 
21 miles north-west-by-north of Dunstable. 
THORN-GUMBOLD, a hamlet of England, East Riding 
of Yorkshire; 10 miles east-by-south of Kingston-upon- 
Hull. 
THORNHAM, Great and Little, adjoining parishes 
of England, in Suffolk ; 3 miles west-by-south of Eye. 
• THORNHAM, a parish of England, in Kent; 4 miles 
north-east-by-north of Maidstone. Population 406. 
THORNHAM, a township of England, in Lancashire; Si¬ 
miles south of Rochdale. Population 1098. 
THORNHAM, a parish of England, in Norfolk; 6 miles 
west by-north of Burnham Westgate. Population 483. 
THORNHAUGH, a parish of England, in Northampton¬ 
shire; 1 mile north-west of Wandsford. 
THORNHILL (Sir James), may be called the father of 
historic painting in England. He was the son of a gentleman 
of an ancient family in Dorsetshire, and was born at Wey¬ 
mouth in 1676. His family having fallen in fortune, he was 
obliged to resort to some profession for support, and guided 
by an early taste for painting, fixed upon that art as a base 
on which to raise a fortune and a name. He came to Lon¬ 
don, and was assisted by the celebrated physician Sydenham, 
who placed him under the tuition of an artist of little note, 
whose name is not known, and to whom, from the state of 
the art at the time, he must have been far less indebted for 
the progress he made, than to his own ingenuity and industry. 
After having practised for a while with some celebrity, he 
travelled to Holland and to Flanders; and thence visited 
France, but did not proceed to Italy. Most probably his 
object in this journey was only to acquire a knowledge of 
colouring ; and he might have satisfied his mind on composi¬ 
tion and form, by having spent three years in copying the 
cartoons of Raphael, which he was permitted to do by the 
favour of the earl of Halifax. These copies are in oil, and 
were bought after his death by the then duke of Bedford; 
and by his grace’s successor, the late duke, were presented to 
the Royal Academy. They are wrought with care, but lack 
the delicacy of character and feeling observable in the origin¬ 
als. On his return to England, his reputation was increased, 
and honour and employment accompanied it. Queen Anne 
commissioned him to paint the interior of the cupola of St. 
Paul's, which he did in eight compartments. The subject 
assigned him was the history of St. Paul; and he treated it 
with considerable grandeur of style, both as to composition 
and execution ; but his design wanted chastity and simplicity, 
and the heads of his figures have not sufficient refinement of 
expression. It was, however, the first attempt by an Eng¬ 
lishman of the kind, and fully justified the preference given 
to him over La Guerre and La Fosse, who were then paint¬ 
ing the halls and staircases of our nobility. He was after¬ 
wards employed to decorate an apartment at Hampton 
Court, with emblematical allusions to the history of the 
queen, and her union with her ..consort, George, prince of 
Denmark. But his grand work is the great hall at Green¬ 
wich Hospital, where he has painted naval trophies and 
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allegorical figures in great profusion; and if much praise 
cannot be given to the purity of the design, it ought not to 
be withheld from the brilliancy and vigour of the execu¬ 
tion. Altogether, it is a work unrivalled in its kind here, 
and well entitled him to the honour of knighthood, which 
George I. soon after conferred upon him. This was some 
compensation to him for the mortification of having his 
demand for these paintings contested, and being in the end 
paid only at the labourer’s rate of so much per square yard, 
(40s.) 
He had the honour of so far re-establishing his family in¬ 
fluence as could be effected by being chosen to represent his 
native town in parliament; but he did not enjoy his honours 
long, as he died at the early age of 57, leaving a son, named 
also James, for whom he had procured the appointment of 
serjeant-painter to the king, and a daughter married to 
Hogarth. 
THORNHILL, a village of Scotland, in Dumfries-shire, in 
the parish of Morton. It is pleasantly situated on a dry 
rising ground, half a mile east from the river Nith ; 14 miles 
north of Dumfries, 8 east of Minniehive, 12 south-by-east of 
Sanquhar, and 61 south-west of Edinburgh. 
THORNHILL, a village of Scotland, in Perthshire, joined 
to the village of Norriestown; 10 miles west of Stirling. Po¬ 
pulation of both, 626. 
THORNHILL, a township of England, in Derbyshire; 
6} miles north-east-by-north of Tideswell. 
THORNHILL, a parish of England, West Riding of 
Yorkshire ; 5f miles west-by-south of Wakefield. Popula¬ 
tion 4705. 
THORNIIOLME, a hamlet of England, East Riding of 
Yorkshire ; 5 miles south-west-by-west of Bridlington. 
THORNLEY, a hamlet of England, county of Durham; 
5f miles souih-east-by-east of Durham. 
THORNLEY, a township of England, in Lancashire; 8 
miles west-by-south of Clitheroe. Population 433. 
THORN LIE BANK, a manufacturing village of Scotland, 
in Renfrewshire, in the parish of Eastwood, about 5 miles 
south from Glasgow, where calico printing is carried on to a 
great extent. 
THORNSBURG, a post township of the United States, in 
Spotsylvania county, Virginia, on the Mattapony ; 18 miles 
south of Fredericksburg. 
THORNSCOE, a village of England, West Riding of 
Yorkshire; 7 miles from Doncaster. 
THORNSETT, a township of England, in Derbyshire; 
5§ miles north-west-by-north of Chapel-in-le-Frith. 
THORNSHIP, or Thorn Shap, a hamlet of England, in 
Westmoreland ; 5f miles north-west of Orton. 
THORNTON, a village of England, in the county of Lin- 
ccol; 3 miles south east of Barton-upon-Humber.—2. A 
parish of England in Buckinghamshire ; 4f miles east north¬ 
east of Buckingham.—3. A township of England, in Durham; 
4f miles south-west of Berwick-upon-Tweed.—4. A town¬ 
ship of England, in Lancashire, If mile north-by-east of 
Poulton. Population 739 —5. Another township in the 
above county; 7 miles north-by-west of Liverpool.—6. A 
parish of England, in Leicestershire; 5f miles north-east of 
Market Bosworth.—7. A parish of England, in Lincolnshire; 
If mile west of Horncastle.—8. A parish of England, East 
Riding of Yorkshire; 4 miles south-west of Pocklington.— 
9. A township of England, West Riding of Yorkshire; 4f 
miles west of Bradford. Population 3016. 
THORNTON, Baxby, a township of England, North 
Riding of Yorkshire; 3 miles north-by-east of Easingwold._ 
2. Thornton in the Beans, a township of England, 
North Riding of Yorkshire ; 3f miles south-east-by-east of 
Northallerton—3. Thornton, Bishop's, a township of 
England, West Riding of Yorkshire; 6 miles south-west- 
by-south of Rippon. Population 1546 —4. Thornton 
Bridge, or Thornton-upon-Swale, a township of England, 
North Riding of Yorkshire; 4 miles north-east-by-uorth of 
Boroughbridge.—5. Thornton, Chi/der, a township of 
England, in Cheshire; 8 miles north-north-west of Chester. 
—6. Thornton-upon-Clay, a township of England, 
North 
