970 
TIB 
Perthshire, about eight miles long, and from one to three 
broad. Population 1587. 
TIBBERTON, a parish of England, in Gloucestershire ; 
3^ miles south-east of Newent.—2. A parish of England, in 
Worcestershire; 4 miles east-north-east of Worcester.—3. A 
parish of England in Herefordshire ; 10 miles west of Here¬ 
ford.—4. A hamlet of England, in Salop ; 4 miles west-by- 
liorth of Newport. 
TIBBO, the name of a native African people inhabiting 
the vast desert tract which extends along the southern frontier 
of Fezzan, thence eastward towards Egypt, and along the 
north of Bornou. They are small in stature, have quick 
eyes, thick lips, a small turned-up nose, and well-shaped 
limbs. Their complexion is not perfectly black, and their 
hair is long, less curled than that of the negroes. 
TIBENHAM, a parish of England, in Norfolk ; 5 miles 
■west-south-west of St. Mary Stratton. Population 512. 
TIBER, a celebrated river of Italy, which rises in the 
Appennines, flows to the west and south, receives a number of 
smaller streams, passes by Rome, and falls into the Mediter¬ 
ranean about 15 miles below that city, in lat. 41. 47. N. long. 
11. 8. E. 
TIBER CREEK, a small stream in the United States, 
which runs south through the city of Washington, and falls 
into the Potomac. 
TIBERIUS (Claudius Nero), a Roman emperor, bom 
in the year B. C. 42. See Rome. 
TIBERIUS (Constantine), emperor of the East, was a 
Thracian by birth, and by office captain of the guards to 
Justin II. By the recommendation of the empress Sophia, 
he was raised to the rank of Caesar, A. D. 574, and in 578, 
when Justin died, succeeded to the imperial throne. See 
Rome. 
TIBERON, or Tiburon, a bay and village on the south¬ 
west part of the island of St. Domingo. The bay is formed 
by the cape of its name on the north-west, and Point Burgau 
on the south-east, a league and three-fourths apart. The 
cape is in lat. 18. 2CL 30. N. long. 64.28. 40. W. 
TIBESTI, the largest place belouging to the Rock Tihbo, 
situated in a mountainous country, which, though suffering 
from the want of rain, abounds in springs. The valleys, 
therefore, produce some corn, and excellent pasturage. Senna 
of superior quality is raised for the markets of Fezzan, and 
the camels are reckoned superior to any in Africa. The huts 
of the natives are circular, formed of stakes, covered with 
brush-wood. 
TIBET, Tibbet, or Thibet, a country of Asia, and part 
of Independent Tartary, extending from the source of the 
Indus to the borders of China, and from Hindostan to the 
desarts of Cobi; in length, from east to west, about 1500 
miles; the breadth is unequal, and in many parts not 
known. It is called by the natives Pue, or Puekachim ; 
Pue signifying northern, and Koac/iirn, snow; an appella¬ 
tion given on account of the coldness of the climate, by the 
teachers who went from India to preach among them. The 
distinguishing feature of this extensive country is its great 
and general elevation, being part of that track in which 
arise not only the great rivers of India and China, but those 
also of Siberia and Tartary. 
Tibet strikes a traveller at first sight, as one of the least 
favoured countries under heaven, and appears to be in a 
great measure incapable of culture. It exhibits only low 
rocky hills, without any visible vegetation, or extensive arid 
plains, both of the most stern and stubborn aspect, promising 
full as little as they produce. The usual crops are wheat, 
pease, and barley; in many parts these grains never ripen, 
owing to the severity of the climate, but are cultivated as 
forage for cattle, when the plains become bare of grass, and 
they are hindered from going abroad during the depth of 
winter. The periodical rains give birth to a little herbage, 
whose growth stops immediately as they cease; from the 
extreme dryness of the air, the grass then begins to wither, 
and at this time it may be crumbled between the fingers 
into dust; yet large droves of cattle are fed in this neigh¬ 
bourhood ; for though the pasture be short and dry, if is 
TIB 
esteemed singularly sweet and nutritive; Animals ranging 
in a state of nature are found to prefer it to the more 
exuberant herbage of milder climates. It is the practice of 
the cultivators in Tibet to flood the low lands on the ap¬ 
proach of winter with water, which freezes and covers their 
surface with a sheet of ice, and thus prevents their being 
stripped of their scanty soil by violent winds. 
The temperature and seasons which prevail in Tibet possess 
a remarkable uniformity, both in their periodical elevation, 
and in their return. The same division of them lakes place 
here, as in the more southern region of Bengal. The spring 
is marked from March to May, by a variable atmosphere ; 
heat, thunder-storms, and occasionally refreshing showers-. 
From June to September is the season of humidity, when 
heavy and continued rains fill the rivers to their brim, which 
run off 1 from hence with rapidity, to assist in inundating 
Bengal. From October to March, a clear and uniform sky 
succeeds, seldom obscured either by fogs or clouds. For 
three months of this season, a degree of cold is felt, far 
greater perhaps than is known to prevail in Europe. Its 
extreme severity is more particularly confined to the southern 
boundary of Tibet, near that elevated range of mountains 
which divides it from Assam, Bootan, and Nepaul. The 
summits of these are covered all the year with snow, and 
their vicinity is remarkable, at all seasons, tor the dryness of 
the winds. The range of these mountains is confined 
between the 26th and 27th degrees of north lat. From 
the severity of the cold, the inhabitants seek refuge in shel¬ 
tered valleys and hollows, or amid the retreats among the 
rocks.. 
Tibet, though barren of vegetable produce, teems with 
animal life. The variety and abundance of wild fowl, 
game, and beasts of prey, flocks, droves, and herds, is 
astonishing; all of which are described under their several 
names. 
In their domestic habits and life, the Tibetians are rude and 
ignorant, and, like all others in that situation, they are con¬ 
tent with little. The peasant’s house is of mean construction; 
and resembles a brick kiln in shape and size. It is built of 
rough stones, heaped upon each other without cement, and, 
on account of the strong winds that perpetually prevail here, 
it has never more than three or four small apertures to admit 
light. The roof is a flat terrace, surrounded with a parapet 
wall two or three feet high; on this are commonly placed 
piles of loose stones, intended to support a small flag, or the 
branch of a tree; or else as a fastening for a long line, with 
scraps of paper, or white rag, strung upon it like the Jail of a 
kite. This being stretched from one house to another, is a 
charm against evil genii, as infallible in its efficacy as horse 
shoes nailed upon a threshold, or as straws thrown across the 
path of a reputed witch. 
The knowledge of the Tibetians is, as may be supposed, 
very limited. It is asserted, however, that the art of printing 
has from a remote age been practised in Tibet, although 
limited in its use by the influence of superstition. 
Tibet enjoys but the shadow of independence, being ruled 
by Chinese sovereigns, who obtained their ascendancy over it 
in 1720, by interfering in the intestine commotions by which 
the country was agitated. In 1792 Tibet was invaded by the 
Nepaulese, who quickly overran the country, and appeared 
before Teshoo Loomboo so suddenly as scarcely to allow time 
for the escape of the lama and his gylongs across the Brahma¬ 
pootra. The Nepaulese were pursued by the Chinese, who 
defeated them in several actions, and forced them to an igno¬ 
minious peace. Since this period the influence of China over 
Tibet has increased. The Chinese maintain residents at the 
court of Lassa, who are invested with all the real power, and 
who keep up a constant communication with Pekin. 
TIBIA, in Anatomy, the large bone of the leg. 
TIBI2E Pares et Impares, in the Dramatic Music of the 
Ancients. It has been long doubted, whether pares and 
imparts meant double and single flutes, or equal and un¬ 
equal in point of length and size. But though in preferring 
either of these acceptations, some sense and meaning is ac¬ 
quired, yet we should incline to the latter. For in none of 
the 
